Civil War and Foreign Intervention (1918-1921)

Question 1

Resistance to Bolsheviks =

Answer 1

domestic

foreign

Question 2

Opposition to the Bolsheviks came from several sources, which together became known as the…

Answer 2

White armies

Question 3

The SRs and Mensheviks were angry at not being included in the government and opposed a one-party state. The 1917 election proved that the SRs were by far the…

Answer 3

largest party in Russia and they were determined to gain political power

Question 4

Some national minorities wanted self-government known as the…

Answer 4

greens

Question 5

Counter-revolutionary groups wanted to restore:

Answer 5

The Provisional Government

Tsarist rule

Question 6

Russia’s apparent betrayal of thir western allies through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk led:

Answer 6

Britain
France
Japan
US
To invade and occupy parts of the country

Question 7

Czech legion = force of over 60,000 men, created by the Tsar to fight the central powers and their aim was to form an…

Answer 7

Independent state

Question 8

Ukraine, Nesto Makhno led an anti-Bolshevik army called the…

Answer 8

Black army

Question 9

The whites were scattered across Russia

Supporters of former Tsar and PG grouped in southern Russia and commanded by:

Answer 9

General Denikin

Question 10

Various groups in Siberia came together under…

Answer 10

Admiral Kolchak

Question 11

Opposition force in the Baltic states were led by…

Answer 11

General Yudenich

Question 12

The Czech Legion controlled the…

Answer 12

Trans-Siberian Railway

Question 13

Trotsky had to rebuild the army from a few hundered thousand men in early 1918 to…

Answer 13

5 million in 1920

Question 14

The Whites surrounded the Reds, but the Reds were in a much stronger position because of 2 reasons:

Answer 14

Geographical position

Trotsky

Question 15

Geographical position = advantage because:

Answer 15

Although only 15% controlled by Bolsheviks of the Old Russian Empire, this area was:
-densely populated
-had a good railway network
-included major industrial centres
Not spread out = harder for Whites to find weaknesses

Question 16

Trotsky = advantage because:

Answer 16

• Created the RA almost single-handedly
• Imposed ruthless discipline on his troops
• Leadership=inspiring and he raised morale when he visited the frontline

Question 17

2 Disadvantages of Whites:

Answer 17

Geographical position

Disunity

Question 18

Geographical position = disadvantage:

Answer 18

• Separated, unable to coordinate attacks against Bolsheviks
• Controlled large rural areas, but were unable to gain the support of the peasants who feared the Whites would bring back their former landlords

Question 19

Disunity = disadvantage:

Answer 19

• Leaders of the Whites never worked together to develop a strategy
• Didn’t have a common cause

Question 20

Foreign intervention (sending small numbers of troops to Russia) = another failure as:

Answer 20

Lack of enthusiasm among the Allies

Allied forces ever made a coordinated attempt to defeat the RA