Alexander III

Question 0

After Alexander II was assassinated, he issued the…

Answer 0

Temporary Regulations

Question 1

He was a reactionary and inflexible, meaning he was…

Answer 1

Against reform

Question 2

The temporary regulations gave provincial governors and officials the power to…

Answer 2

Imprison people without trial
Ban public meetings
Exile thousands of offender to Siberia

Question 3

Also set up the…

Answer 3

Okhrana

Question 4

The okhrana restricted the…

Answer 4

Press and monitored revolutionary and socialist groups

Question 5

Was heavily influenced by…

Answer 5

Pobedonostev

Question 6

After Alexander II’s assassination the government’s more…

Answer 6

Liberal ministers were sacked

Question 7

The new tsar relied on his former tutor…

Answer 7

Pobedonostev for advice

Question 8

Pobodonostev believed that it was the Tsar’s duty to rule according to
3 principles:

Answer 8

Nationality
Autocracy
Orthodoxy

Question 9

For nationality, promoted a policy of…

Answer 9

Russification

Question 10

Russification meant that:

Answer 10

• Russian = official language
• Rights of Russian majority before minority
• No distinguishing between minority groups loyal to Tsarism (Finns) and those who opposed it (Poles)

Question 11

Russification led to an…

Answer 11

Increase in opposition to tsarism from many different sections of society

Question 12

Autocracy led to…

Answer 12

Elected justices of the peace being replaced by Land Captains 1889

Question 13

Land captains could…

Answer 13

• Overrule the zemstva

* Charge peasant farmers with minor offences

Question 14

Peasants felt that the Land Captains treated them as badly as they had been…

Answer 14

During the years of serfdom

Question 15

In 1890 the Tsar restricted the right to vote for the zemstva…

Answer 15

in the countryside

Question 16

In 1892 the right to vote for the Dumas in the towns was…

Answer 16

Restricted in a similar way, giving the landed gentry even more power

Question 17

Orthodoxy meant the rights and privileges of the Russian Orthodox Church were…

Answer 17

… championed above those of other beliefs

Question 18

Who suffered the most under Russification?

Answer 18

The Jews

Question 19

The Jews suffered from…

Answer 19

Loss of rights

Violence

Question 20

Jewish loss of rights meant that they weren’t allowed to…

Answer 20

Become doctors or lawyers

Very few were admitted to uni

Question 21

Jews came under violence from…

Answer 21

Pogroms, which increased under Russification because they were encouraged by the government

Question 22

The Jews responded in 2 important ways:

Answer 22

Left the country

Formed a radical organisation (BUND) which worked with the opposition parties in the years before 1917

Question 23

What did Alexander III’s reign do?

Answer 23

Provided firm leadership, clear direction
Brought back strong autocratic power (underpinned by the Church, aristocracy & army)
Found difficult to tackle the problems emerging in his rapidly industrialising country