civics Grade 10 final quiz Flashcards
-Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms-know fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, mobility rights, legal rights and equality rights
S.a- Fundamental Freedoms
- Freedom of conscience and religion (S.2(a))
-Freedom of thought , belief, opinion, and expression (s.2(b))
-Freedom of peaceful assembly (s.2(C))
-Freedom of association (s.2(d))
Ss. 3-5 - Democratic Rights
- The right of citizens to vote and run for government office (s.3)
-the guarantee that no legislative body or House of Commons will be in power for more than five years without a democratic election, except in very limited circumstances (s.4)
-The guarantee that parlement and every other legislature will be working for a set period (a sitting) out of every 12 months (s.5)
S.6- Mobility rights
only Canadian Citizen rights:
-Travel in any province or territory
- Work in any province or territory
- Enter, remain in, and leave Canada.
Ss. 7-14 - Legal Rights
Justice system, covering 8 individual sections of the Charter.
-To life, liberty, and security of the person, and to not be deprived of these except under special circumstances. (s.7)
-to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure (s.8)
-To not be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned (s.9)
-To retain and instruct a lawyer to represent them in justice proceedings (s.10)
-Tp have a trial within a reasonable period (s.11(b))
-To be innocent until proven guilty (s.11(d))
- To not be subjected to any cruel or unusual treatment or punishment. (s.12)
s.15- Equality Rights
Individuals in Canada have a right not to be discriminated against by the government or government agents based on a set of grounds that relate to being members of certain communities and social identity groups were originally included in this section 9enumerated groups), while others that have since been added but he courts(Analogous grounds)
- Enumerated Grounds: include race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex, age, and mental or physical disability
-Analogous Grounds: Currently include sexual orientation, marital status, citizenship, and Aboriginality-residence.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, human rights ,discrimination, negative rights ,positive rights, group rights, limitations clause
-political spectrum, know left, center and right wings
The Political Spectrum: Organizes different beliefs, ideologies, political parties, and policy ideas.
Right side: Conservative & Fasicst
-Federal government should not control business practices
-should let free market forces keep order in the business world
-power should be in the hands of local government.
-Religion should play a stronger part in the rules and laws of government
-people should make the laws and have the responsibility to follow it and if broken, face the punishment.
-The government should pass and enforce laws that protect personal property. ; lower taxes, build more prisons, provide harsher penalties, Restore “Family values”
Left Side : Liberal &Socialist & communist
- Government has a responsibility to regulate businesses to protect workers, the environment, and the public from abuse
-mainly traditional; unfair to women, and minorities.
-Government is responsible for helping people in society who are at a disadvantage or down on their luck
-provide equal opportunities for everyone
-the government had the right to tell the people how to use their personal property
-the government must protect the freedoms of everyone
majority vs. minority government, first past the post –define and explain
Majority Government:
This occurs when a political party wins more than half of the seats in the parliament or legislature. In practical terms, this means they have enough seats to pass laws and make decisions without needing the support of other parties. They can usually implement their agenda more easily because they have a clear majority.
Minority Government:
In contrast, a minority government happens when no single party secures more than half of the seats. This situation requires the governing party to work with other parties to pass legislation and govern effectively. They often need to negotiate and compromise to get their policies approved
First Past the Post: This is an electoral system where the candidate with the most votes in each constituency or riding wins the seat. It’s a simple winner-takes-all system, where the candidate doesn’t need an absolute majority (more than 50% of the votes) to win, just more votes than any other candidate. This system can lead to a disparity between the number of votes a party receives nationwide and the number of seats they actually win in parliament.
-know the election process
48
-define legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government, and know which individuals/responsibilities make up each branch for each level
Legislative Branch: Makes Laws
Its run by:
-Governor General
-elected members of House of commons
-Appointed members of the Senate
Responsibilities:
-Represents citizens interests in government
-Debate and lass new laws
-Monitors government polices and actions
Executive Branch: Administers law
Its run by:
-Prime minister
-Cabimet minister
-ministries and civil servants
Responsabilities
-Set government polices
-Initiate and draft new laws
-Administer, implement, and enforce laws and polices
Judical Branch: Applies law
Its run by:
-Judges and courts
Responsibilites :
-Interpret and apply laws through court cases and desitions
-Strike down unconstitutional laws
know the responsibilities of each of the following politicians
-Governor-General/Lieutenant-Governor
-Prime Minister/Premier
-Senate
-Cabinet of Ministers
-Member of Parliament
Governor General :
- Represents the monarch in Canada
- Signs bills into laws
-Appoints prime ministers based of results of elections
-Performs ceremonial tasks such as greeting foreigners, visiting foreigners in different countries to promote Canada
Prime Minister:
-Leader of a political party
-Head of government
-identifies the needs of the nation
-develops programs to meet those needs on a national level
-meets and negotiates with foreign leaders
-presents government bills for consideration by the House of commons and maintains the functioning of the government
Cabinet:
- head of government departments, such as defense, environment, labor, foreign affairs
-Manage the department, answer questions about matters related to their departments in the house of commons , and provide the prime minister with information and advice about their departments
Member of Parlement :
-Represents the voters of their riding
-debate and vote whether bills should become laws
-sit on various committees examining bills
- support their party positions on issues and in debates
Senators:
-Read and pass bills into law
- sit in various committees nd examine issues of public interest such as government spending, foreign aid
responsibilities of each level of government –federal, provincial and local
Municipal :
-Animal control
-Emergency services - Fire& ambulace
-Public transit
-Libraries
-Recreation Facilities
-Local museums
-Public utilities(Water, waste, sewage, Garbage and recycling collections)
-Local planning and maintenance of roads, sidewalks, streetlights, housing
Provincial & territorial :
-Education
-Enviroment
-Property and civil rights
-Highways
Federal:
-Indigenous affairs
-Citizenship and immigration
-Fisheries
-Foreign affairs
-National defence
-Shipping and railways
how a bill becomes a law
Introduction to the first reading :
-Reading the tittle of the bill,
-Bill is printed and receives a number
Second Reading:
-Debate and vote on principles of bill
Committee Stage:
-Relevant parliamentary committee examines the bill
- bill studied clause by clause
Report stage :
-Relevant parliamentary committee reports amended bill
-amendments are considered and voted on
Thrid Reading:
-Debate and vote on the amended version on the bill
Bill sent to other chamber and same process in repeated
Royal assestent:
-Royal assent is given by the Governor-general or by one of his/her deputies
-bill receives royal assect after being passed by both houses
fundamental justice, -3 issues discussed
Youth Justice:
-Lack of alternatives to courts and imprisonment for less serious cases
-unfairness in sentencing
-Inadequate rehabilitation for young people released from custody
-The need to better consider the interest of victims
Capital punishment:
-Before 1961, convicted murderers could be sentenced to death by hanging. the last execution took place in Toronto Dec 11 1962
-It was not until 1976 that the death penalty was abolished, but only with a six-vote margin in the House of commons
Self-Defence:
-Battered women syndrome;
-Believes that the violence was or is her fault
-Could not place responsibility for the violence else where
-feard for her life and her children’s life
-has and irrational belief that the abuser is omnipresent and omniscient
Criminal Law vs. Civil Law
Criminal law:
deal with serious and harmful conduct seen as a threat to all of society
Civil law:
Is used to settle disputes between individuals or groups
definitions of the legal process
-Criminal Code of Canada
-Crown attorney,
-Defence attorney ,
-Reasonable doubt,
- judgment,
-lawsuit,
-Plaintiff,
-Defendant ,
-Common law ,
-precedents
Criminal Code of Canada:
international governments-North Korea, Syria, Iran
