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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > CIULLA_INTRODUCTION TO URINALYSIS + KIDNEY AND URINE FORMATION > Flashcards

CIULLA_INTRODUCTION TO URINALYSIS + KIDNEY AND URINE FORMATION Flashcards

1
Q

is the practice of examining urine for diagnostic purposes; it aids in following the course or treatment of disease.

A

Urinalysis

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2
Q

T/F:

Urine chemical changes are directly related to pathologic conditions

A

TRUE

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3
Q

T/F:

Urine contains most of the body’s waste products

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Complete urinalysis is composed of:

A

Physical
Chemical
Microscopic

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5
Q

T/F:
Urinalysis is used for disease diagnosis, disease monitoring, drug screening, and initial diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Urine composition

A

Water (majority)

Organic and inorganic compounds

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7
Q

Factors that affect urine composition

A

Diet
Physical Activity
Metabolism
Disease Processes

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8
Q

T/F:
Urine composition is directly related to the amount and type of
waste material that is to be excreted

A

TRUE

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9
Q

accounts for roughly 50% of all dissolved solids in the urine.

A

Urea

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10
Q

Aside from urea, what other organic substances are largely present in urine?

A

creatinine

uric acid

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11
Q

Organic substances present in urine in small amounts

A 
glucose
protein
hormones
vitamins 
metabolized medications
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12
Q

Urine inorganic substances (order of highest to lowest average concentration)

A

Cl, Na, K

Sulfate, phosphate, ammonium, calcium, magnesium (small amounts)

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13
Q

Non-dissolved substances present in urine

A 
bacteria
crystals
casts
mucus
cells (various types)
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14
Q

two bean-shaped organs located under the diaphragm on

either side of the aorta in the posterior, upper abdominal region

A

kidneys

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15
Q

shape of kidneys

A

bean-shaped

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16
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

under diaphragm on either side of the aorta in the posterior, upper abdominal region

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17
Q

muscular tube that connects the pelvis of the kidney to the

bladder.

A

ureter

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18
Q

urine is excreted outside of the body through

A

urethra

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19
Q

where urine is stored until excretion

A

bladder

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20
Q

a cavity area that is an expansion of the ureter

functions to collect urine from the calyces for transport from the kidney to the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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21
Q

two regions of the kidneys

A

cortex

medulla

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22
Q

outer layer of the kidney

A

cortex

23
Q

inner layer of the kidney

A

medulla

24
Q

composition of cortex

A

renal corpuscles

proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron

25
Q

composition of medulla

A

loops of Henle

collecting ducts

26
Q

part of the kidney comprised of the renal corpuscles and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron.

A

cortex

27
Q

part of the kidney comprised of the

loops of Henle and the collecting ducts.

A

medulla

28
Q

functions to return blood to the inferior vena cava.

A

renal vein

29
Q

supplies blood to the kidney

A

renal artery

30
Q

supplies blood to the renal artery

A

abdominal aorta

31
Q

functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation

A

nephron

32
Q

number of nephrons found in each kidney

A

more than a million

33
Q

nephron composition

A

renal corpuscle

tubular system

34
Q

renal corpuscle is composed of _______.

A

glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

35
Q

tubular system is composed of ________.

A

proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule collecting duct

36
Q

a tuft of capillaries that lie in a tubular depression called Bowman’s capsule.

A

glomerulus

37
Q

tubular depression where the glomerulus is located

A

Bowman’s capsule

38
Q

carries blood into the

glomerulus

A

afferent arteriole

39
Q

carries blood away from the glomerulus

A

efferent arteriole

40
Q

arises from the efferent arteriole and aid in
the tubular reabsorption process by surrounding the various segments
of the renal tubule

A

peritubular capillaries

41
Q

main function of glomerulus

A

filter blood

42
Q

where is the proximal convoluted tubule located

A

cortex

43
Q

where is the distal convoluted tubule located

A

cortex

44
Q

begins in the cortex, with the descending limb of the loop extending into the medulla where the bend of the loop is formed that then becomes the ascending limb, which ends in the cortex

A

loop of Henle

45
Q

direct the urine flow into a collecting duct

A

distal convoluted tubule

46
Q

joins with other collecting ducts, forming a papillary duct to carry urine into a calyx of the renal pelvis

A

collecting duct

47
Q

main processes to form and excrete urine

A

glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

48
Q

functions as a semipermeable membrane to make an

ultrafiltrate of plasma that is protein free

A

glomerulus

49
Q

GFR is about ________ of filtrate formed per minute by the glomeruli

A

115-125 mL

50
Q

the process by which filtered water, ions, and molecules leave the tubules for return to the blood via the peritubular capillaries.

A

Reabsorption

51
Q

the process by which a substance from the blood is

transported across the wall of the tubule into the filtrate

A

Secretion

52
Q

Responsible for most of the reabsorption (approximately 65%) and
secretion that occurs in the tubules

A

proximal convoluted tubule

53
Q

a limitation as to how much solute can be

reabsorbed

A

renal threshold

54
Q

the proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for ____% of reabsorption

A

65

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (6 decks)

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