CIULLA_INTRODUCTION TO URINALYSIS + KIDNEY AND URINE FORMATION

Question 1

is the practice of examining urine for diagnostic purposes; it aids in following the course or treatment of disease.

Answer 1

Urinalysis

Question 2

T/F:

Urine chemical changes are directly related to pathologic conditions

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

T/F:

Urine contains most of the body’s waste products

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

Complete urinalysis is composed of:

Answer 4

Physical
Chemical
Microscopic

Question 5

T/F:
Urinalysis is used for disease diagnosis, disease monitoring, drug screening, and initial diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Urine composition

Answer 6

Water (majority)

Organic and inorganic compounds

Question 7

Factors that affect urine composition

Answer 7

Diet
Physical Activity
Metabolism
Disease Processes

Question 8

T/F:
Urine composition is directly related to the amount and type of
waste material that is to be excreted

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

accounts for roughly 50% of all dissolved solids in the urine.

Answer 9

Urea

Question 10

Aside from urea, what other organic substances are largely present in urine?

Answer 10

creatinine

uric acid

Question 11

Organic substances present in urine in small amounts

Answer 11

glucose
protein
hormones
vitamins 
metabolized medications

Question 12

Urine inorganic substances (order of highest to lowest average concentration)

Answer 12

Cl, Na, K

Sulfate, phosphate, ammonium, calcium, magnesium (small amounts)

Question 13

Non-dissolved substances present in urine

Answer 13

bacteria
crystals
casts
mucus
cells (various types)

Question 14

two bean-shaped organs located under the diaphragm on

either side of the aorta in the posterior, upper abdominal region

Answer 14

kidneys

Question 15

shape of kidneys

Answer 15

bean-shaped

Question 16

where are the kidneys located?

Answer 16

under diaphragm on either side of the aorta in the posterior, upper abdominal region

Question 17

muscular tube that connects the pelvis of the kidney to the

bladder.

Answer 17

ureter

Question 18

urine is excreted outside of the body through

Answer 18

urethra

Question 19

where urine is stored until excretion

Answer 19

bladder

Question 20

a cavity area that is an expansion of the ureter

functions to collect urine from the calyces for transport from the kidney to the ureter

Answer 20

renal pelvis

Question 21

two regions of the kidneys

Answer 21

cortex

medulla

Question 22

outer layer of the kidney

Answer 22

cortex

Question 23

inner layer of the kidney

Answer 23

medulla

Question 24

composition of cortex

Answer 24

renal corpuscles

proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron

Question 25

composition of medulla

Answer 25

loops of Henle | collecting ducts

Question 26

part of the kidney comprised of the renal corpuscles and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron.

Answer 26

cortex

Question 27

part of the kidney comprised of the | loops of Henle and the collecting ducts.

Answer 27

medulla

Question 28

functions to return blood to the inferior vena cava.

Answer 28

renal vein

Question 29

supplies blood to the kidney

Answer 29

renal artery

Question 30

supplies blood to the renal artery

Answer 30

abdominal aorta

Question 31

functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation

Answer 31

nephron

Question 32

number of nephrons found in each kidney

Answer 32

more than a million

Question 33

nephron composition

Answer 33

renal corpuscle | tubular system

Question 34

renal corpuscle is composed of _______.

Answer 34

glomerulus | Bowman's capsule

Question 35

tubular system is composed of ________.

Answer 35

proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle distal convoluted tubule collecting duct

Question 36

a tuft of capillaries that lie in a tubular depression called Bowman's capsule.

Answer 36

glomerulus

Question 37

tubular depression where the glomerulus is located

Answer 37

Bowman's capsule

Question 38

carries blood into the | glomerulus

Answer 38

afferent arteriole

Question 39

carries blood away from the glomerulus

Answer 39

efferent arteriole

Question 40

arises from the efferent arteriole and aid in the tubular reabsorption process by surrounding the various segments of the renal tubule

Answer 40

peritubular capillaries

Question 41

main function of glomerulus

Answer 41

filter blood

Question 42

where is the proximal convoluted tubule located

Answer 42

cortex

Question 43

where is the distal convoluted tubule located

Answer 43

cortex

Question 44

begins in the cortex, with the descending limb of the loop extending into the medulla where the bend of the loop is formed that then becomes the ascending limb, which ends in the cortex

Answer 44

loop of Henle

Question 45

direct the urine flow into a collecting duct

Answer 45

distal convoluted tubule

Question 46

joins with other collecting ducts, forming a papillary duct to carry urine into a calyx of the renal pelvis

Answer 46

collecting duct

Question 47

main processes to form and excrete urine

Answer 47

glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

Question 48

functions as a semipermeable membrane to make an | ultrafiltrate of plasma that is protein free

Answer 48

glomerulus

Question 49

GFR is about ________ of filtrate formed per minute by the glomeruli

Answer 49

115-125 mL

Question 50

the process by which filtered water, ions, and molecules leave the tubules for return to the blood via the peritubular capillaries.

Answer 50

Reabsorption

Question 51

the process by which a substance from the blood is | transported across the wall of the tubule into the filtrate

Answer 51

Secretion

Question 52

Responsible for most of the reabsorption (approximately 65%) and secretion that occurs in the tubules

Answer 52

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 53

a limitation as to how much solute can be | reabsorbed

Answer 53

renal threshold

Question 54

the proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for ____% of reabsorption

Answer 54

65