06 RODRIGUEZ_CARBOHYDRATES Flashcards
Carbohydrates are hydrates of what derivates based on the location of the CO functional group?
aldehyde or ketone
simplest carbohydrate
glycol aldehyde
only carbohydrate to be directly used for energy or stored as glycogen
glucose
T/F:
Glucose does not accumulate in the muscle.
TRUE.
Glucose does not enter the muscle cell freely, and when it enters the cell with the help of insulin, it is quickly metabolized.
T/F:
Brain is completely dependent on blood glucose for energy production
TRUE.
2/3 glucose utilization in resting adults occurs in the CNS.
2/3 glucose utilization in resting adults occurs in the?
Central Nervous System (CNS).
Intermediate products of glucose metabolism
pyruvic acid
lactic acid
acetylcoenzyme A
complete oxidation of glucose yields what?
CO2
water
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Reducing sugars
lactose maltose fructose glucose galactose
The presence of this makes glucose an active reducing substance.
double bond
negative charge in the enol anion
most common nonreducing sugar
sucrose
T/F:
Nonreducing sugar do not contain active ketone or aldehyde group
TRUE.
T/F:
Pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ in the control of carbohydrate metabolism
TRUE.
As an endocrine gland, the pancreas secretes what hormones?
glucagon
insulin
somatostatin
As an exocrine gland, the pancreas produces and secretes what
amylase
responsible for the breakdown of ingested complex carbohydrates
amylase
primary hormone responsible for the entry of glucose into the cell
insulin
where is insulin synthesized?
B-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
T/F:
Insulin is normally released when glucose levels are high.
TRUE.
the only hormone that is a hypoglycemic agent (decreases glucose levels)
insulin
Insulin is stored in sources such as ______.
liver
fat
muscle
relationship of insulin and glucagon
reciprocal/inverse
Insulin promotes what processes?
glycogenesis
lipogenesis
glycolysis
Insulin decreases what process?
glycogenolysis
