citrw_Ch9 terms (UTF-8)

Question 1

Answer

Answer 1

Question

Question 2

Communication apprehension (CA)

Answer 2

fear or anxiety experience by a person due to real or perceived communication with another person or persons. This is a fear or anxiety that involves several types of communication not limited to public speaking.

Question 3

Public speaking anxiety

Answer 3

a type of communication apprehension that produces physiological, cognitive, and behavioral reactions in people when faced with a real or imagined presentation

Question 4

Systematic desensitization

Answer 4

can result from imagined or real exposure to anxiety-inducing scenarios

Question 5

Cognitive restructuring

Answer 5

changing the way we think about something

Question 6

Communication-orientation modification theory (COM)

Answer 6

a type of cognitive restructuring that encourages people to think of public speaking as conversation rather than a performance

Question 7

Positive visualization

Answer 7

playing through vivid images in your mind of giving a successful speech

Question 8

Impromptu delivery

Answer 8

when a speaker has little or no time to prepare a speech

Question 9

Manuscript delivery

Answer 9

speaking from a well written or printed document that contains the entirety of a speech

Question 10

Memorized delivery

Answer 10

completely memorizing a speech and delivering it without notes

Question 11

Extemporaneous

Answer 11

memorizing the overall structure and main points of a speech and then speaking from keyword/key-phrase notes

Question 12

Rate

Answer 12

how fast or slow you speak

Question 13

Volume

Answer 13

how loudly or softly you speak

Question 14

Pitch

Answer 14

how high or low a speaker’s voice is

Question 15

Vocal variety

Answer 15

changes in your rate, volume, and pitch that make you sound more prepared and credible

Question 16

Articulation

Answer 16

the clarity of sounds and words you pronounce

Question 17

Pronunciation

Answer 17

whether you say the words correctly

Question 18

Fluency

Answer 18

the flow of your speaking

Question 19

Fluency hiccups

Answer 19

unintended pauses in a speech that usually result from forgetting what you were saying, being distracted, or losing your place in speaking

Question 20

Verbal fillers

Answer 20

the umms, uhhs, and other linguistic pauses of conversation

Question 21

Facial expressions

Answer 21

the feelings expressed on a person’s face

Question 22

Eye contact

Answer 22

the act of looking directly into one another’s eyes

Question 23

Nonverbal adaptors

Answer 23

extra movements caused by anxiety (i.e., tapping your foot, wringing your hands, playing with a paperclip, twirling hair, or scratching)

Question 24

Posture

Answer 24

the position in which someone holds their body when standing or sitting

Question 25

Gestures

Answer 25

a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning