citrw_Ch10 and 11 terms (UTF-8)

Question 1

Answer

Answer 1

Question

Question 2

Informative speaking

Answer 2

a method of speaking that utilizes objective, factual information in order to teach an audience

Question 3

Information overload

Answer 3

a barrier to effective listening that occurs when a speech contains more information than an audience can process

Question 4

Learning styles

Answer 4

visual, auditory, and kinesthetic

Question 5

Claim

Answer 5

the statement that will be supported by evidence

Question 6

Evidence

Answer 6

also called grounds, it supports the claim

Question 7

Warrant

Answer 7

also called grounds, it supports the claim

Question 8

Proposition of fact

Answer 8

a proposition that focuses on beliefs and try to establish that something “is or isn’t”

Question 9

Proposition of value

Answer 9

a proposition that focuses on persuading audience members that something is “good or bad,” “right or wrong,” or “desirable or undesirable.”

Question 10

Proposition of policy

Answer 10

a proposistion that advocates that something should or should not be done

Question 11

Proposition of conjecture (not in the book)

Answer 11

a proposition that predicts what will happen if something is or is not done

Question 12

Inductive reasoning

Answer 12

reaches conclusions through citation of examples and is the most frequently used form of logical reasoning

Question 13

Reasoning by analogy

Answer 13

a type of inductive reasoning that argues that what is true in one set of circumstances will be true in another

Question 14

Deductive reasoning

Answer 14

derives specifics from what is already known

Question 15

Syllogism

Answer 15

an example of deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is supported by major and minor premises

Question 16

Causal reasoning

Answer 16

argues to establish a relationship between a cause and effect

Question 17

Ethos

Answer 17

the credibility of the speaker; includes dimensions: competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism

Question 18

Competence

Answer 18

the perception of a speaker’s expertise in relation to the topic being discussed

Question 19

Trustworthiness

Answer 19

the degree that audience members perceive a speaker to be presenting accurate, credible information in a non-manipulative way

Question 20

Dynamism

Answer 20

the degree to which audience members perceive a speaker to be outgoing and animated

Question 21

Logos

Answer 21

the reasoning or logic of an argument

Question 22

Pathos

Answer 22

the emotional appeal

Question 23

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 23

the mental discomfort that results when new information clashes with or contradicts currently held beliefs, attitudes, or values

Question 24

Positive motivation

Answer 24

speakers implicitly or explicitly convey to the audience that listening to their message or following their advice will lead to positive results

Question 25

Negative motivation

Answer 25

implies or states that failure to follow a speaker’s advice will result in negative consequences

Question 26

Physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization

Answer 26

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs