CIS 3 Flashcards
What is the first level of the immune system to develop in infants?
phagocytic cell system
Why are mothers recommended to get vaccine boosters prior to pregnancy?
can get good Abs –> pass on IgG to babies, so they are immune to common pathogens
Why is IgG considered the most protective Ab? (5)
in higher amts in blood than any other Ab
high avidity and affinity
activates complement sys
efficient opsonizer
small molecular weight –> can pass into tissues easily
How do IgGs pass into a fetus from the mother?
IgG binds FcRn –> goes to endosome and is protected from degradation –> IgG released into fetal circulation
What family of receptors is FcRn a part of?
MHC family
unable to present Ags though
What Ab is passed through breastmilk?
what does this protect?
IgA
protects upper respiratory and GI tracts of baby
What happens when a mother tiger licks its baby?
mother collects Ags from baby –> makes abs for them –> gives baby Abs specific for the Ags in its environment
What helps a mother convert its Abs to IgA to pass to the baby through breastmilk?
Tregs in GI –> TGF-Beta –> switches to IgA
When are babies able to synthesize their first Abs?
make IgM starting in middle of 2nd trimester until birth
make IgG after birth
When do mother’s Abs disappear in baby?
at 6th months old mom’s IgG degrade –> babies depend on their own Abs
When would an immune deficiency manifest itself?
Why?
at 6th month of age
This is when mom’s Abs degrade and baby depends on its own immune system
What type of Ag is not good in vaccines in high doses?
Why?
polysaccharides
make B and T cells tolerant w/ repeated doses
How is B cell tolerance induced?
through large doses of Ags
unclear mechanisms
How is T cell anergy induced?
by lower doses of Ag (than in comparison to anergy requirements in B cells) and of longer duration
Is tolerance to ags more easily developed in young ppl or old ppl?
young ppl
