circulatory western

Question 1

blood flow from artery to vein

Answer 1

blood from heart into artery. Arteries branch off into arterioles>capillaries>venules>veins> heart

Question 2

blood flow from heart to lungs

Answer 2

from vena cava veins> into right atrium> out of right ventricle to lungs>CO2 eliminated, O2 picked up> blood back into the left atrium, down into left ventricle> into aorta, into systemic circulation

Question 3

systolic blood pressure

Answer 3

the pressure when the ventricles contract: top number

Question 4

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 4

the pressure when the ventricles are at rest. : bottom number

Question 5

average normal adult blood pressure: high

Answer 5

120mm/80 mm;

high 140mm/90mm

Question 6

arteriosclerosis

Answer 6

thickening of the arterial wall with increased rigidity; hardening of the arteries

Question 7

atherosclerosis

Answer 7

narrowing of the lumen of the artery due to the formation of plaques on the arterial wall.

Question 8

leading cause of death in the USA

Answer 8

vascular disease; of these, coronary artery disease and stroke are number1 killers

Question 9

hypertension

Answer 9

elevation of the systolic pressure above 140mm Hg and/or diastolic bp above 90mm Hg

1. primary or essential hypertension has no known causes
2. secondary is due to know causes such as glomerulonephritis, cushing’s disease, renal vascular disease, hyperthyroidism, etc

Question 10

consequences of hypertension

Answer 10

eventually there is vascular damage and increase in arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis; also small arterioles, particularly in the kidneys harden (nephrosclerosis)