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Biology 521 > circulatory system > Flashcards

circulatory system Flashcards

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1
Q

homeostasis

A

the body’s maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiological environment

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2
Q

negative feedback loop

A

process that reverses deviation from normal body constant

sensory rececptors -> integrator -> effector

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3
Q

positive feedback loop

A

exacerbates/perpetuates small disturbances

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4
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that return blood to the heart
thinner, more elastic walls + larger lumens due to lower blood pressure
valves prevent the backflow of blood

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5
Q

arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to body tissues
thicker, elastic walls due to higher blood pressure
made of connective, smooth muscle and epithelial tissues

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6
Q

capillaries

A

blood vessels that connect arteries and veins

tiny, one cell thick walls to allow for gas exchange and diffusion

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7
Q

the heart

A

driving force and pump of the circulatory system
4 chambers (right + left atrium, right + left ventricle)
septum prevents blood from mixing
aortic + pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid and biscupid valves

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8
Q

pathway of blood

A

body tissues -> superior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semi-lunar valve -> pulmonary arties -> lungs -> pulmonary arterioles -> capillaries -> pulmonary venuoles -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle

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9
Q

components of the blood

A

plasma
erythrocyte (rbc)
leukocyte (wbc)
platelets

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10
Q

erythrocytes (rbc)

A 
44% of blood volume
produced in bone marrow
life span 120 days
no nucleus
contains hemoglobin
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11
Q

leukocytes (wbc)

A

1% of blood volume
produced in bone marrow (spleen, tonsils)
can double in volume during infection
nucleus

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12
Q

macrophages

A

big eaters
lives a few days
phagocytic, can cross capillary walls
generalized response to infection

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13
Q

lymphocytes

A

unknown life span
non-phagocytic
acquired, specific immune response

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14
Q

systemic circulation

A

carries oxygenated blood to the body tissues and deoxygenated blood back

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15
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back

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16
Q

hypertension (high blood pressure)

A

condition caused by increased volume/rate of blood or reduced elasticity in the artery

symptom: nosebleeds
cause: diet high in salt
tx: diet lower in salt

17
Q

atherosclerosis

A

narrowing of arteries due to deposits of cholesterol-rich plaque on the innermost layer of the artery

symptom: heart attack
cause: HDL levels too low
tx: diet lower in saturated fats and higher in fruits and vegetables

18
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

narrowing of arteries due to deposits of cholesterol-rich plaque underneath the inner layer of the artery

symptom: stroke
cause: years of plaque build-up
tx: coronary bypass surgery

19
Q

stroke

A

an embolism reaches the brain, blocking the brain from receiving oxygenated blood, the brain cannot receive oxygen

symptom: drooping face (FAST)
cause: arteriosclerosis
tx: thrombolytic medication

20
Q

heart attack

A

the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart becomes blocked, heart cannot receive oxygen

symptom: pressure in arms, neck, jaw and back
cause: atherosclerosis
tx: aspirin

21
Q

how a heart beats

A 
SA node sends signal
->right atrium fills with blood
AV node sends signal
->tri/biscupid valves open 
signal transfers to bundle of His
signal goes to purkinje fibres, to each side of the ventricle
->heart pumps
->bloods is moved out of the heart
22
Q

SA node

A

bundle of specialized muscle tissue that stimulates the muscle cells to contract and relax rhythmically by generating a signal that spreads across the heart

23
Q

AV node

A

bundle of specialized muscle tissue that receives the electrical signal and transmits them through the bundle of His

24
Q

bundle of His

A

bundle of specialized fibres that relays the electrical signal to the Purkinje fibres

25
Q

Purkinje fibres

A

2 branches of fibre bundles that receive the electrical signal and initiate contractions in ventricles

Biology 521 (7 decks)

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