Circulatory System

Question 1

Blood composed

Answer 1

of plasma and a variety of cells transports nutrients and wastes

Question 2

Interstitial fluid

Answer 2

bathes the cells of the body

Question 3

Hematology

Answer 3

is the study of blood and blood disorders

Question 4

What are the functions of Blood?

Answer 4

• Transportation of substances
• Regulation of physiological activities
• Protection by white blood cells and platelets

Question 5

Blood volume varies with

Answer 5

• body size
  changes in fluid concentration
• changes in electrolyte concentration
• amount of adipose tissue

Question 6

what is the normal range of PH for the blood?

Answer 6

7.35-7.45

Question 7

Hemopoietic Growth Factors regulate

Answer 7

differentiation and proliferation of blood cells

Question 8

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 8

produced by the liver and kidneys increase RBC precursors

Question 9

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

Answer 9

hormone from liver stimulates platelet formation

Question 10

Cytokines are what type of hormones?

Answer 10

are local hormones of the bone marrow

Question 11

Plasma makes up 55% of

Answer 11

the blood

Question 12

Low blood oxygen causes kidneys and liver to release

Answer 12

erythropoietin

Question 13

Blood circulates for about

Answer 13

120 days

Question 14

Macrophages in spleen and liver destroy worn out

Answer 14

RBCs

Question 15

Aplastic Anemia

cause/defect

Answer 15

• cause: toxic chemical radiation

- Defect: Damaged bone marrow

Question 16

Heolytic anemia

cause/defect

Answer 16

• Cause: Toxic chemicals

- Defect: Red Blood cells destroyed

Question 17

Iron deficiency anemia

cause/defect

Answer 17

• Cause: Dietary lack of iron

- Defect: Hemoglobin deficient

Question 18

Pernicious anemia

cause/defect

Answer 18

• Cause: inability to absorb B12

- Deficient: Excess of immature cells

Question 19

Sicle cell disease

Answer 19

• Cause: Defective gene

- Defect: Red blood cells are abnormally shaped

Question 20

Thalassemia

Answer 20

• Cause: Defective gene

- Defect: Hemoglobin deficient; red blood cells are short lived

Question 21

What is the name of white blood cells?

Answer 21

leukocytes

Question 22

What are the 3 granulocytes?

Answer 22

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 23

what are the 2 granulocytes?

Answer 23

lymphocytes

monocytes

Question 24

Neutrophils

Answer 24

• light purple granules
• lobed nucleus
• first to arrive during infections
• 54%-62% of leukocytes

Question 25

Eosinophils

Answer 25

- deep red granules - bi-lobed nucleus - defends against parasitic worm infestation - 1%-3% of leukocytes

Question 26

Basophils

Answer 26

- deep blue granules in basic stain - release histamine and heparin - less than 1% of leukocytes

Question 27

Monocytes

Answer 27

- largest blood cell -spherical, kidney-shaped, oval or lobed nuclei -leaves bloodstream to become macrophages 3%-9% of leukocytes

Question 28

Lymphocytes

Answer 28

- slightly larger than red blood cells - Tells and B-cells - B-cells produce anti-bodies - 25%-33% of leukocytes

Question 29

Leukopenia

Answer 29

- low WBC count (below 5,000) | - typhoid fever, flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, aids

Question 30

Leukocytosis

Answer 30

- high WBC count (above 10,000) | - acute infections, vigorous exercise, great loss of bodily fluids

Question 31

platelet cells are none as

Answer 31

thrombocytes

Question 32

megakaryocytes

Answer 32

are needed to make thrombocytes

Question 33

Hemostasis

Answer 33

- stoppage of bleeding

Question 34

Coagulation

Answer 34

causes the formation of a blood clot via a series of reactions which activates the next in a cascade

Question 35

Extrinsic Clotting Mechanism

Answer 35

-chemical outside of blood triggers blood coagulation - triggered by thromboplastin (not found in blood) - triggered when blood contacts damaged tissue

Question 36

Intrinsic Clotting Mechanism

Answer 36

- chemical inside blood triggers blood coagulation - triggered by Hageman factor (found inside blood) - triggered when blood contacts a foreign surface

Question 37

Platelet-derived growth factor

Answer 37

stimulates smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts to repair damaged blood vessel walls

Question 38

Plasmin digests

Answer 38

blood clots

Question 39

thrombus

Answer 39

– abnormal blood clot

Question 40

embolus

Answer 40

– blood clot moving through blood

Question 41

Agglutination

Answer 41

clumping of red blood cells in response to a reaction between an antibody and an antigen

Question 42

Antigens

Answer 42

a chemical that stimulates cells to produce antibodies

Question 43

Antibodies –

Answer 43

a protein that reacts against a specific antigen

Question 44

Rh positive –

Answer 44

presence of antigen D or and other Rh antigens on the red blood cell membranes. Plasma does not contain anti-RH antibodies.

Question 45

Rh negative –

Answer 45

absence of these antigens. Exposure to antigen D (transfusions, pregnancy) triggers the production of anti-Rh antibodies.