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Anatomy & Physiology II > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood composed

A

of plasma and a variety of cells transports nutrients and wastes

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2
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

bathes the cells of the body

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3
Q

Hematology

A

is the study of blood and blood disorders

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4
Q

What are the functions of Blood?

A
  • Transportation of substances
  • Regulation of physiological activities
  • Protection by white blood cells and platelets
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5
Q

Blood volume varies with

A
  • body size
    changes in fluid concentration
  • changes in electrolyte concentration
  • amount of adipose tissue
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6
Q

what is the normal range of PH for the blood?

A

7.35-7.45

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7
Q

Hemopoietic Growth Factors regulate

A

differentiation and proliferation of blood cells

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8
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

produced by the liver and kidneys increase RBC precursors

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9
Q

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

A

hormone from liver stimulates platelet formation

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10
Q

Cytokines are what type of hormones?

A

are local hormones of the bone marrow

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11
Q

Plasma makes up 55% of

A

the blood

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12
Q

Low blood oxygen causes kidneys and liver to release

A

erythropoietin

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13
Q

Blood circulates for about

A

120 days

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14
Q

Macrophages in spleen and liver destroy worn out

A

RBCs

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15
Q

Aplastic Anemia

cause/defect

A
  • cause: toxic chemical radiation

- Defect: Damaged bone marrow

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16
Q

Heolytic anemia

cause/defect

A
  • Cause: Toxic chemicals

- Defect: Red Blood cells destroyed

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17
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

cause/defect

A
  • Cause: Dietary lack of iron

- Defect: Hemoglobin deficient

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18
Q

Pernicious anemia

cause/defect

A
  • Cause: inability to absorb B12

- Deficient: Excess of immature cells

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19
Q

Sicle cell disease

A
  • Cause: Defective gene

- Defect: Red blood cells are abnormally shaped

20
Q

Thalassemia

A
  • Cause: Defective gene

- Defect: Hemoglobin deficient; red blood cells are short lived

21
Q

What is the name of white blood cells?

A

leukocytes

22
Q

What are the 3 granulocytes?

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

23
Q

what are the 2 granulocytes?

A

lymphocytes

monocytes

24
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • light purple granules
  • lobed nucleus
  • first to arrive during infections
  • 54%-62% of leukocytes
25
Q

Eosinophils

A
  • deep red granules
  • bi-lobed nucleus
  • defends against parasitic worm infestation
  • 1%-3% of leukocytes
26
Q

Basophils

A
  • deep blue granules in basic stain
  • release histamine and heparin
  • less than 1% of leukocytes
27
Q

Monocytes

A
  • largest blood cell
    -spherical, kidney-shaped, oval or lobed nuclei
    -leaves bloodstream to become macrophages
    3%-9% of leukocytes
28
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • slightly larger than red blood cells
  • Tells and B-cells
  • B-cells produce anti-bodies
  • 25%-33% of leukocytes
29
Q

Leukopenia

A
  • low WBC count (below 5,000)

- typhoid fever, flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, aids

30
Q

Leukocytosis

A
  • high WBC count (above 10,000)

- acute infections, vigorous exercise, great loss of bodily fluids

31
Q

platelet cells are none as

A

thrombocytes

32
Q

megakaryocytes

A

are needed to make thrombocytes

33
Q

Hemostasis

A
  • stoppage of bleeding
34
Q

Coagulation

A

causes the formation of a blood clot via a series of reactions which activates the next in a cascade

35
Q

Extrinsic Clotting Mechanism

A

-chemical outside of blood
triggers blood coagulation

  • triggered by thromboplastin (not found in blood)
  • triggered when blood contacts damaged tissue
36
Q

Intrinsic Clotting Mechanism

A
  • chemical inside blood triggers blood coagulation
  • triggered by Hageman factor (found inside blood)
  • triggered when blood contacts a foreign surface
37
Q

Platelet-derived growth factor

A

stimulates smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts to repair damaged blood vessel walls

38
Q

Plasmin digests

A

blood clots

39
Q

thrombus

A

– abnormal blood clot

40
Q

embolus

A

– blood clot moving through blood

41
Q

Agglutination

A

clumping of red blood cells in response to a reaction between an antibody and an antigen

42
Q

Antigens

A

a chemical that stimulates cells to produce antibodies

43
Q

Antibodies –

A

a protein that reacts against a specific antigen

44
Q

Rh positive –

A

presence of antigen D or and other Rh antigens on the red blood cell membranes. Plasma does not contain anti-RH antibodies.

45
Q

Rh negative –

A

absence of these antigens. Exposure to antigen D (transfusions, pregnancy) triggers the production of anti-Rh antibodies.

Anatomy & Physiology II (7 decks)

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