2. Endocrine System

Question 1

endocrine glands release hormones into

Answer 1

blood vessels

Question 2

hormones travel

Answer 2

through blood to target cells

Question 3

Paracrine secretions

Answer 3

• act locally

- affect only neighboring cells

Question 4

Autocrine secretions affect

Answer 4

only the secreting cell

Question 5

define hormones

Answer 5

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that regulate functions of other cells

Question 6

target cells

Answer 6

hormones are able to affect only particular cells called

Question 7

Hydrophilic hormones

Answer 7

cannot readily cross plasma membrane so generally interact with receptors found embedded in target cell’s plasma membrane

Question 8

Hydrophobic hormones

Answer 8

are able to cross through plasma membrane so generally interact with receptors found in cytosol or nucleus

Question 9

secretion can be initiated or inhibited by several different stimuli

Answer 9

• Hormonal stimuli
• Humoral stimuli
• ## Neural stimuli

Question 10

Hormonal stimuli

Answer 10

– some endocrine cells increase or decrease their secretion in response to secretion of other hormones

Question 11

Humoral stimuli

Answer 11

– many endocrine cells respond to concentration of a certain ion or molecule in blood or extracellular fluid

Question 12

Neural stimuli

Answer 12

– some endocrine cells respond to signals from nervous system

Question 13

___________ help regulate hormones

Answer 13

feedback loops

Question 14

feedback loops that regulate hormone secretion occur in following sequence…

Answer 14

• stimulus
• receptor
• control center
• effector/response
• homeostatic range

Question 15

Stimulus

Answer 15

– a regulated physiological variable deviates from its normal range

Question 16

Receptor

Answer 16

– receptors on target cells Receptor – receptors on target cells detect deviation of variable

Question 17

Control center

Answer 17

• stimulated control center (often endocrine cell) increases or decreases its secretion of a particular hormone

Question 18

Effector/response

Answer 18

– hormone triggers a response in its target cells that moves conditions toward normal range

Question 19

Homeostatic range

Answer 19

– As variable returns to its normal range, feedback to control center decreases response

Question 20

Steroid or Steroid-Like Hormones include

Answer 20

• sex hormones

- adrenal cortex hormones

Question 21

Non-steroid Hormones

include

Answer 21

• amines
• proteins
• peptides
• glycoproteins

Question 22

what are the major endocrine glands

Answer 22

• hypothalamus
• pituitary gland
• pineal gland
• parathyroid gland
• thyroid gland
  thymus
• adrenal gland
  kidney
• Panceas
• ovaries
• testies

Question 23

The hypothalamus (4)

Answer 23

• Important regulatory center in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems
• Has cells that produce 9 different hormones
• Receives input from higher brain centers, thalamus, reticular formation, sensory signals from internal organs
• Regulates body temperature, rage, fear, thirst, hunger, sexual behavior etc.

Question 24

Hypothalamus controls the secretion of hormones from the

Answer 24

pituitary gland

Question 25

Pituitary gland controls the secretion of

Answer 25

hormones from other pituitary glands

Question 26

Hypothalamus integrates functions of

Answer 26

Nervous and Endocrine systems