1. Muscles

Question 1

skeletal muscle structure

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle cells are long, striated

Question 2

what are the names of the 2 types of contractile muscle fibers ?

Answer 2

type 1

type 2

Question 3

type 1 muscle fibers have a ____ color

Answer 3

Red/pink color containing oxygen

myoglobin

Question 4

type 2 muscle fibers have a white color to the absence of what ?

Answer 4

oxygen

Question 5

Aerobic (endurance) exercises require which fiber ?

Answer 5

type 1

Question 6

Anaerobic (power) exercises like sprinting require which muscle fiber ?

Answer 6

type 2

Question 7

Muscles are composed of two major protein filaments: a thick filament composed of the protein _____and a thin filament composed of the protein _____.

Answer 7

myosin; actin

Question 8

what occurs first on the cross-bridge cycle?

Answer 8

the myosin binds actin, forming the high-energy/attached state.

Question 9

what occurs second in the cross-bridge cycle?

Answer 9

The power stroke occurs when myosin changes its shape, pulling the thin filaments towards the middle of the sarcomere causing sarcomere shortening in muscular contraction.

Question 10

what happens last in the cross bridge cycle ?

Answer 10

the myosin heads detaching from actin with the binding of ATP leading to reactivation of the myosin head to the cocked position for further binding to actin or remaining unattached forrelaxationof the muscle.

Question 11

what are the 3 important roles ATP plays in muscle contraction?

Answer 11

• ATP breakdown provides the energy to activate and reactivate the myosin cross-bridge prior to binding with actin.
• ATP binding to the myosin head is necessary to break the cross-bridge linkage between the myosin heads and the actin so that the cycle can be repeated.
• ATP is used for the return of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the restoration of the resting membrane potential once contraction has ended.

Question 12

define muscle tension?

Answer 12

Muscle tension is when certain muscles in your body stay in a semi-contracted mode for long periods of time.

Question 13

what causes muscle aches?

Answer 13

When you can’t let the stress go your body remains tensed up and the muscles do not get any relief, in fact they will start to ache causing a physically painful situation.

Question 14

_______is the easiest, most effective way to control stress, anxiety, and muscle tension through belly breathing.

Answer 14

Diaphragmatic breathing