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BIOLEC FINALS > CIRCULATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Carry blood to the lungs

A

circulatory system

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2
Q

Carry blood to the other parts of the body

A

circulatory system

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3
Q
  • transport of materials
  • Pulmonary circulation
  • Systemic circulation
A

circulatory system

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4
Q

essential parts of circulatory system

A
  • Blood
  • Heart
  • Veins
  • Arteries
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5
Q
  • Toward the heart
  • Collapses when it is empty
A

veins

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6
Q

thicker more muscular than the veins

A

arteries

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7
Q

blood vessels are ________, and aorta is an ________ and the biggest ________

A

arteries, artery, blood vessel

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8
Q

two types of circulatory system

A

closed and open

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9
Q

Vessels convey blood from the heart in various blood vessels and capillary beds among the tissues and back to the heart; blood enclosed in blood vessels

A

closed CS

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10
Q

Blood pumped from the heart through blood vessels to various organs, but returning partly or entirely through body spaces (hemocoel) to the heart; blood not enclosed in blood vessels

A

open CS

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11
Q

the fluid that is contracted into sinuses and “washes” over body organs for nutrient and gas exchange

A

hemolymph

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12
Q
  • contribute the solid part of the blood (because they are cells)
  • hemoglobin (red pigment)
A

vertebrate blood

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13
Q

red pigment

A

hemoglobin

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14
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes

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14
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocyte

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15
Q

red blood cells

A

Erythrocyte

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16
Q

all organisms except mammals are ________

A

nucleated

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17
Q

what happens if the organism is nucleated

A

firmer blood cells

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18
Q

RBC doesn’t have _____

A

nucleus

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19
Q

act as phagocytes, protects the body

A

white blood cells (leukocyte)

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20
Q
  • antibodies
  • they clump and disintegrate, they release thromboplastin
A

white blood cells (leukocyte)

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21
Q

fluid component of the cell

A

plasma

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22
Q

components of plasma

A
  • 92% water plus dissolved proteins (~8%) and organic compounds
  • 0.9% inorganic salts (mostly NaCl)
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23
Q

not able to produce blood clot; clotting is delayed or fails

A

hemophiliac

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24
Q
  • Sex-linked hereditary disease
  • Excessive bleeding due to absence of one of several thromboplastic factors necessary to convert prothrombin into thrombin
A

hemophilia

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25
Q

Loss of blood

A

hemorrhage

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26
Q

Protective substance usually formed in lymphoid tissue

A

antibodies

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27
Q

Capable of combining with the specific antigen that caused its production

A

antibodies

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28
Q

Can inactivate viruses, neutralize bacterial toxins and aid phagocytosis by WBC

A

antibodies

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29
Q

foreign protein injected to the blood (like a vaccine)

A

antigen

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30
Q

for immunity (can be transient or permanent)

A

antigen

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31
Q

not produced by the body

A

antigen

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32
Q

when the body is injected with something foreign, the body produces WBC

A

antigen

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33
Q

carried in the blood plasma

A

antigen

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34
Q

universal acceptor

A

type AB

35
Q

universal donor

A

type O

36
Q

blood types of donor and recipient must be compatible

A

human blood groups

37
Q
  • if RBC for one person are mixed w blood plasma of another individual
  • cells remain separate in some cases
  • in others, become clumped or agglutinated
A

human blood groups

38
Q

if the two blood types are compatible, then _____

A

there is no agglutination

39
Q

if the two blood types are incompatible, then ______

A

there is agglutination

40
Q

what happens if the injected blood is not compatible to the person?

A

clumping of the cells that results to death of the person

41
Q

difference between the rh factor of the blood (negative and positive)

A

due to the presence or absence of a carbohydrate on the red corpuscles

42
Q

if Rh+ blood is transfused repeatedly into an Rh- individual, the antigen stimulates the production of _______

A

anti-rh agglutinin

43
Q

both the antigen (Rh) and the antibody (anti-Rh) are in the same species

A

isoimmunization

44
Q

true or false: in the 1st blood transfusion rh negative and rh positive is fatal

A

false (it is okay)

45
Q

true or false: in the 2nd blood transfusion rh negative and rh positive is fatal

A

true; because the body has produced an antibody which is an anti-Rh, the anti-Rh agglutinin cause hemolysis of the Rh + transfused blood

46
Q

functions of the blood

A
  • Carries O2 and CO2 between respiratory and body tissue
  • Carries H2O and digested food from the digestive tract to other organs
  • Carries organic waste, to the excretory organs
  • Carries hormones
  • Carries antibodies for immune defense
  • Plays an important role in water balance
47
Q

Pumps blood; maintains certain blood rate

A

heart

48
Q

series of chambers in the heart

A

2 atria, 2 ventricle

49
Q

how many chambers does a human heart have?

A

4

50
Q

valves in the heart

A

Pulmonary
Aortic
Mitral
Tricuspid

51
Q

structure of the human heart

A
  • 4-chambered muscular organ
  • Closed-fist
  • 2/3 of the mass to the left of midline
52
Q

location of the heart

A

Lies in the thoracic cavity between the sternum

53
Q

what happens when the heart beats?

A
  • Contracts 72 times per min^2
  • 60 ml of blood per beat
54
Q

true or false: pulse is greatest when heart is contracted (systole)

A

true

55
Q

true or false: pulse is least when filling (diastole)

A

true

56
Q

The heart is enclosed in the double-walled membranous ________

A

Pericardial Sac

57
Q

where does the outer fibrous covering of the sac attaches to?

A

connective tissue partition that separates the lungs

58
Q

what does the sac’s secretory lining secrete?

A

thin pericardial fluid

59
Q

function of the pericardial fluid

A

provides lubrication to prevent friction between the pericardial layers as they glide over each other with every beat of the heart

60
Q

3 distinct layers of the heart wall (inner to outer)

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

61
Q

thin layer of endothelium that lines the entire circulatory system

A

endocardium

62
Q

endo means

A

within

63
Q

composed of cardiac muscle that forms the bulk of heart wall

A

myocardium

64
Q

myo means

A

muscle

65
Q

thin external membrane covering the heart

A

epicardium

66
Q

epi means

A

on

67
Q

where does the arteries emerge in the heart?

A

from the top of the heart

68
Q

what happens when the heart contracts?

A

the heart is squeezed to the ventricle and into the arteries

69
Q

true or false: the atria pumps blood

A

false; the atria receives blood

70
Q

true or false: the ventricles pump blood

A

true

71
Q

receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavas and the coronary sinus

A

right atrium

72
Q

blood moves to the ________ (via tricuspid valve) where it is pumped to the lungs (via the pulmonary valve)

A

right ventricle

73
Q

the lungs re-oxygenate the blood and send it to the ___________

A

left atrium

74
Q

the blood moves from the left atrium to the _________ via bicuspid valve

A

left ventricle

75
Q

blood is pumped out of the left ventricle to the _____

A

aorta (via the aortic valve)

76
Q

what happens to the blood that is pumped out of the aorta?

A

sends blood to the organs and muscles of the body

77
Q

first heart tone

A

lub

78
Q

caused by the closure of the atrioventricular valves, mitral and tricuspid, at the beginning of the ventricular contraction, or systole

A

lub

79
Q

when heart is contracted

A

systole

80
Q

when heart is filling

A

diastole

81
Q

second heart tone

A

dub

82
Q

caused by the closure of the aortic valve and pulmonic valve (SL valves) at the end of ventricular systole

A

dub

83
Q

ensures that the blood from the left and right side of the heart does not mix

A

interventricular septum

84
Q

true or false: the atria contract together and the ventricles contract together

A

true

BIOLEC FINALS (4 decks)

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