Circulatory System

Question 1

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

-distribute oxygen carried from the lungs to different parts of the body
-distribute nutrients absorbed by the digestive system to different parts of the body
-remove waste products - kidney filters out blood
-provides immunity

Question 2

3 major parts of the circulatory system are ___.

Answer 2

Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood

Question 3

Define heart.

Answer 3

-Located at the medial cavity of the thorax, mediastinum.
-about the size of a person’s fist
-is a hollow muscular organ (branched, striated, and involuntary)
-serves as a double pump; has 4 chambers: left and right atrium, left and right ventricles
-has four valves: Atrioventricular valves (Tricuspid and Bicuspid/Mitral) and Semilunar valves (Aortic and Pulmonary)

Question 4

smooth muscles are ___-shaped.

Answer 4

spindle

Question 5

cardiac muscles

Answer 5

myocardio/myocardium

Question 6

Why is the heart a double pump?

Answer 6

some parts function/pump simultaneously

Question 7

the main function of valves

Answer 7

closing, to prevent backflow of blood

Question 8

ventricles go to the atria through ___.

Answer 8

semilunar valves

Question 9

Which portions of the heart can you locate the tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral valves?

Answer 9

Tricuspid ; Right

Bicuspid/Mitral ; Left

Question 10

What is thicker in the ventricles and why.

Answer 10

The myocardium is thicker in the ventricles as these are the sites of the actual contraction and squeezing of blood.

Question 11

The structure that divides the portions of the heart.

Answer 11

septa/septum

Question 12

Define blood vessels.

Answer 12

-a closed system of tubes that start and end at the heart in which blood travels through
-has 5 classes: arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries
-arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart, while veins carry blood TOWARD the heart.
-capillaries are the smallest, most numerous class of blood vessels wherein gas exchange between blood and the cells happen (Internal Respiration).

Question 13

True or False: All arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False: Not all veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Define blood.

Answer 15

-composed of 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (blood cells/platelets).
-Red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood by binding it with hemoglobin, which can only bind up to 4 oxygen.
-White blood cells serve to defend the body against pathogens and provide immunity. Includes neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes.
-Platelets are involved in blood coagulation.

Question 16

Explain the uses of the defensive/protective mechanisms of white blood cells. (neutrophils, etc.)

Answer 16

neutrophils - bacteria

basophils - allergic reactions

eosinophils - parasites

monocytes/macrophages - viral infections (also called dust cells)

lymphocytes - immune cells and produce antibodies

Question 17

the liquid portion of blood

Answer 17

plasma

Question 18

fragments of a cell

Answer 18

platelets

Question 19

When these burst, platelets exist.

Answer 19

megakaryocytes

Question 20

creates the red discoloration of your blood

Answer 20

hemoglobin

Question 21

describe hemoglobin

Answer 21

-have protein curls
-have 4 globin chains
-4 dots in the middle are called heme

Question 22

describe heme

Answer 22

-has iron and protoporphyrin
-specific site where oxygen binds

Question 23

approximately how much hemoglobin are in a single red blood cell

Answer 23

approximately 270 million hemoglobin in a single RBC

Question 24

Explain each circuit of the circulatory system.

Answer 24

Pulmonary circuit
-circulation of heart and lungs
-for turning deoxygenated blood to oxygenated

Systemic circuit
-oxygenated blood delivered to the rest of the body

Coronary circuit
-circulation within the heart as heart needs energy to function as an organ

Question 25

Largest veins in the human body

Answer 25

Vena Cava
superior - upper portion of body
interior - lower portion of body

Question 26

explain pulmonary circuit

Answer 26

right atrium
(tricuspid valve)
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
alveoli
pulmonary vein
left atrium
(bicuspid/mitral valve)
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules