Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
-distribute oxygen carried from the lungs to different parts of the body
-distribute nutrients absorbed by the digestive system to different parts of the body
-remove waste products - kidney filters out blood
-provides immunity
3 major parts of the circulatory system are ___.
Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood
Define heart.
-Located at the medial cavity of the thorax, mediastinum.
-about the size of a person’s fist
-is a hollow muscular organ (branched, striated, and involuntary)
-serves as a double pump; has 4 chambers: left and right atrium, left and right ventricles
-has four valves: Atrioventricular valves (Tricuspid and Bicuspid/Mitral) and Semilunar valves (Aortic and Pulmonary)
smooth muscles are ___-shaped.
spindle
cardiac muscles
myocardio/myocardium
Why is the heart a double pump?
some parts function/pump simultaneously
the main function of valves
closing, to prevent backflow of blood
ventricles go to the atria through ___.
semilunar valves
Which portions of the heart can you locate the tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral valves?
Tricuspid ; Right
Bicuspid/Mitral ; Left
What is thicker in the ventricles and why.
The myocardium is thicker in the ventricles as these are the sites of the actual contraction and squeezing of blood.
The structure that divides the portions of the heart.
septa/septum
Define blood vessels.
-a closed system of tubes that start and end at the heart in which blood travels through
-has 5 classes: arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries
-arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart, while veins carry blood TOWARD the heart.
-capillaries are the smallest, most numerous class of blood vessels wherein gas exchange between blood and the cells happen (Internal Respiration).
True or False: All arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
True
True or False: Not all veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart
True
Define blood.
-composed of 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (blood cells/platelets).
-Red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood by binding it with hemoglobin, which can only bind up to 4 oxygen.
-White blood cells serve to defend the body against pathogens and provide immunity. Includes neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes.
-Platelets are involved in blood coagulation.
Explain the uses of the defensive/protective mechanisms of white blood cells. (neutrophils, etc.)
neutrophils - bacteria
basophils - allergic reactions
eosinophils - parasites
monocytes/macrophages - viral infections (also called dust cells)
lymphocytes - immune cells and produce antibodies
the liquid portion of blood
plasma
fragments of a cell
platelets
When these burst, platelets exist.
megakaryocytes
creates the red discoloration of your blood
hemoglobin
describe hemoglobin
-have protein curls
-have 4 globin chains
-4 dots in the middle are called heme
describe heme
-has iron and protoporphyrin
-specific site where oxygen binds
approximately how much hemoglobin are in a single red blood cell
approximately 270 million hemoglobin in a single RBC
Explain each circuit of the circulatory system.
Pulmonary circuit
-circulation of heart and lungs
-for turning deoxygenated blood to oxygenated
Systemic circuit
-oxygenated blood delivered to the rest of the body
Coronary circuit
-circulation within the heart as heart needs energy to function as an organ
Largest veins in the human body
Vena Cava
superior - upper portion of body
interior - lower portion of body
explain pulmonary circuit
right atrium
(tricuspid valve)
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
alveoli
pulmonary vein
left atrium
(bicuspid/mitral valve)
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules
