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Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three independent systems which make up the circulatory system

A

Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
Systemic

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the circulatory system

A

Transporting oxygenated blood from the lungs to the cells and then transporting deoxygenated blood back to lungs

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3
Q

On average, how many litres of blood are continuing travelling through the body

A

4.7 - 5.5

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4
Q

What else does the circulatory system transport around the body

A

Transports nutrients from the digestive system and removes waste products

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5
Q

What is the name of the process of blood moving around your body

A

Circulation

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6
Q

What does the arrangement of the circulatory system mean for the two blood types

A

They do not mix

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7
Q

What are the three main organs of the circulatory system

A

Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood

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8
Q

How big is the heart

A

Roughly the size of a human fist

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9
Q

Where is the heart located

A

In the thoracic cavity behind the sternum between the two lungs

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10
Q

What is the name of the space in which the heart is located

A

Mediastinum

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11
Q

What direction does the heart point

A

Diagonally downwards and to the left

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12
Q

What is the name of the muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the walls of the heart

A

The cardiac muscle

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13
Q

What is the role of the cardiac muscle

A

It keeps the heart pumping and blood flowing around the body

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14
Q

What is the cardiac muscle also known as

A

The myocardium

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15
Q

What is the pericardium

A

A double covering that encloses the heart

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the pericardium

A

It prevents friction when the heart contracts

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17
Q

How many chambers does the heart have

A

Four

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18
Q

What are the names of the chambers of the heart

A

Left and right Atria

Left and right ventricle

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19
Q

What connects these chambers of the heart

A

Heart valves

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20
Q

What are the two top chambers called

A

Left and right atrium

21
Q

What divides the two top chambers

A

Septum

22
Q

What type of blood does the right atrium receive and what does it do with this blood

A

It receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle

23
Q

What does the right ventricle do with the blood

A

Pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs

24
Q

What type of blood does the left atrium receive and what does it do with this blood

A

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle

25
Q

What separates the left and right ventricle

A

Septum

26
Q

What does the left ventricle do with the blood

A

Pumps it to the rest of the body

27
Q

Why do ventricles have thicker walls than atria

A

Due to the force needed to pump the blood

28
Q

Does the left ventricle have thicker or thinner walls than the right ventricle and why is this

A

It has thicker walls as it has to pump the blood throughout the body whereas the right ventricle only goes to the lungs

29
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

30
Q

What does the superior vena cava do

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium

31
Q

What does the right atrium do

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava

32
Q

What does the tricuspid valve do

A

Prevents blood from the right ventricle flowing back into the right atrium

33
Q

What do the tendonous cords do

A

Prevent valve segments from flapping back into the atrium

34
Q

What does the right ventricle do

A

Deoxygenated blood is pumped from here to the lungs

35
Q

What does the Inferior vena cava do

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium

36
Q

What does the thinner muscular wall do

A

Contraction of this muscle forces blood to move from the right atrium to the lungs

37
Q

What does the aorta do

A

Transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle all over the body

38
Q

What do the pulmonary veins do

A

Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

39
Q

What do the semi lunar valves do

A

Prevent back-flow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle

40
Q

What does the left atrium do

A

Receives oxygenated blood via the pulmonary veins from the lungs

41
Q

What does the biscuspid valve do

A

Prevents blood from the left ventricle flowing back into the left atrium

42
Q

What does the left ventricle do

A

Oxygenated blood is pumped from this chamber around the body

43
Q

What does the thicker muscular wall do

A

Provides powerful contractions to pump blood from the left ventricle all over the body

44
Q

What does the septum do

A

Separating wall which prevents the mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

45
Q

What causes the sound of a heart beat

A

The heart valves opening and closing

46
Q

How many valves does the heart have

A

4

47
Q

What are the names of the valves of the heart

A

Mitral (Bicuspid) and tricuspid

Aortic and pulmonary valves

48
Q

What do the aortic and pulmonary valves do

A

They control blood flow OUT of the ventricles

49
Q

What do valves ensure

A

The blood flows through the heart in one direction

Biology (7 decks)

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