Cells Flashcards
What are the five characteristics of all living things
Movement Reproduction Eat or make food Grow and develop Made up of more than one cell
What size are organelles
Very small
Where are organelles found
Throughout the cytoplasm
What are organelles surrounded by
Membrane
What are three similarities between plant and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both have a mitochondria, golgi, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum
Where is the ciliated epithelial found
Nose lining, windpipe and lungs
What is the function of the ciliated epithelial
Move and carry dust and germs away
How has the ciliated epithelial adapted
Have tiny hairs (cilia)
Where are sperm cells found
Testes of a male
What is the function of sperm cells
Carry DNA to the egg for fertilisation
How have sperm cells adapted
Tail for swimming
Chemicals to dissolve ovum’s membrane
Where are root hair cells found
Surface of plant roots
What is the function of root hair cells
Increase root’s surface area to absorb more water and minerals
How have root hair cells adapted
Long, thin parts
Thin cell walls allow water and nutrients to pass from soil into the root
Where are palisade cells found
Upper surface of the leaf
What is the function of palisade cells
Trap sunlight during photosynthesis
How have palisade cells adapted
Long and shaped like cylinders
Contain chloroplasts
Large surface area to increase area for gaseous exchange
What is a cell
The basic unit of all living organisms
What is the cell membrane
Thin layer which holds the cell together and gives it its shape. Controls movement of substances in and out of cells
What is a semi-permeable membrane
Membrane that allows certain things in and out and keeps molecules in
What is the clear jelly-like substance in cells
Protoplasm
What are the two parts that the protoplasm can be divided into
Cytoplasm and Nucleus
What is the cytoplasm
Part of the protoplasm that lies outside of the nucleus
What is the nucleoplasm
Part of the protoplasm that lies inside the nucleus
What is the nucleus
Round or oval structure in the cytoplasm that controls the vital functions of the cell
Where are chromosomes found
Inside the nucleus
What is the Nuclear envelope
Double membrane
Contains pores that control the passage of ions, molecules and RNA between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm
What is the Nucleoplasm
Semi-solid liquid inside the nucleus where you find chromatin and the nucleus
What is the fluid inside the mitochondria called
The Matrix
What is the mitochondria known as
The Power Plant of the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria
Produces energy in cellular respiration
What is the difference between the cell wall in a plant cell vs an animal cell
Plant cell - Non-living, made of cellulose
Animal Cell - No cell wall
What is the difference between the cell membrane of a plant cell vs animal cell
Plant - Lines inside of cell wall
Animal - Surrounds the cell
What is the difference between the vacuole in a plant cell vs animal cell
Plant - Usually large or a few small ones
Animal - Usually none or if present a small one
Difference in chloroplasts in a plant cell vs an animal cell
Plant - Present
Animal - Absent
Difference in shape of a plant cell vs animal cell
Plant - Regular
Animal - Irregular
What are the three main differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms
Unicellular - Single Cell, One cell carries out all processes, Injury of cell can cause death to the organism
Multicellular - Many cells, Different cells are specialized for different functions, Injury or death of some cells doesn’t affect organism
What is type of cell is a plant cell
Prokaryote
What type of cell is an animal cell
Eukaryote
