Circulatory & Respiratory System Test Flashcards
Antigens in AB blood
A and B antigens
type of antibodies in AB plasma
none
blood types that AB can receive
A, B, AB, O
Antigens in O blood
none
Antigens in B blood
B antigen
Antigens in A blood
A antigen
type of antibodies in O plasma
anti A and anti B
type of antibodies in B plasma
anti A clumping proteins
type of antibodies in A plasma
anti B clumping proteins
can rh + recieve rh- blood types?
yes
which blood is the universal donor?
O-
which is the universal recipient
AB+
steps of how blood flows through heart
- the superior and inferior vena cava bring oxygen-poor blood from the body to the right atrium
- oxygen-poor blood enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
- the pulmonary artery brings oxygen poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve
- the pulmonary vein brings oxygen rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium
- oxygen rich blood enters the left ventricle through the mitral valve
- the aorta brings oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body’s tissues
- cells absorb much of the oxygen in the blood and the blood becomes oxygen poor
White or red blood cells?:
have nuclei that are stained purple under a microscope
white
White or red blood cells?:
leukocytes
white
White or red blood cells?:
contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen
red
White or red blood cells?:
erthrocytes
red
White or red blood cells?:
fight off pathogens and engulf bad bacteria
white
White or red blood cells?:
most numerous type of blood cell
red
vein vs. artery
vein takes blood to the hear and artery brings it away
smallest type of blood vessel?
capillaries
why is there a septum wall?
prevent mixing blood
after blood has been spun, what is the top layer?
plasma
after blood has been spun, what is the second layer?
buffy coat (leukocytes + platelets)
after blood has been spun, what is the 3rd layer?
erythrocytes
3 types of blood cells and where are they produced?
red- bone marrow
white- bone marrow
platelets- bone marrow
what causes sound of heartbeat?
closing of the valves
what is hemoglobin
red protein that carries oxygen in the blood from the lungs to tissues and organs and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs
pericardium
membrane or sac that surrounds heart
epicardium
membrane that forms innermost layer of pericardium and outside of heart
myocardium
cardiac muscle/heart
endocardium
innermost layer of heart + lines the chambers
what is the vessel that carries oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle?
pulmonary vein
what is the vessel that carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs?
pulmonary artery
what is the vessel that carries oxygen poor blood to the heart
vena cava
plasma is mostly composed of what?
water
what is the largest artery in the body?
aorta
hemoglobin is a protein that binds easily to what?
oxygen
what pumps blood into the pulmonary arteries leading to the lungs?
right ventricle
what is the function of the valves in the human circulatory system?
prevent backward flow of blood
how much blood does the human body have
4-6 liters
what helps with blood clotting
platelets
windpipe; tube through which air flows
trachea
structure in the throat containing the vocal cords; the muscle pull the vocal cords together producing sound
larynx
tiny air sac at end of bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur
alveolus
passageway leading from the trachea to a lung
bronchus
tube at the back of the mouth that serves as a passageway for both air and food
pharynx
space between the visceral and parietal pleurae filled with fluid
pleural cavity
a layer of the membrane that firmly attaches to the surface of lungs; surrounds the lungs
visceral pleura
entrance of air into the space between the pleural membranes, followed by lung collapse
pneumothorax
large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest caivity that helps with breathing
diaphragm
lines the inner wall of the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, the blood, and the air in the lungs
respiration
steps of inhalation
- diaphragm contracts(moves down)
- intercostal muscles contract (move out)
- thoracic cavity enlarges as the ribs are raised and the sternum elevates
- lung volume increases
- pressure within alveoli falls to about 2mmHg below that of the atmospheric pressure
steps of exhalation
- diaphragm and intercostal muscle relax
- diaphragm moves up
- elastic tissue cause the lungs and thoracic cage to recoil and return to original shape
- the alveoli diameters decrease in size- long volume increasing
- alveolar pressure increases by about 1mmHg above atmospheric pressure so that the air inside is forced out
explain how gas is exchanged between blood and the alveoli
gas exchange- oxygen dissolves in the moisture on the inner surface of the alveoli and then diffuse across the walls of capillaries into the blood
- hemoglobin in red blood cells binds with oxygen
- carbon dioxide in blood diffuses across walls into the air within an alveolus
how many alveoli are in each lung?
480 million
