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Grade 12- Semester One > Circulatory & Respiratory System Test > Flashcards

Circulatory & Respiratory System Test Flashcards

1
Q

Antigens in AB blood

A

A and B antigens

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2
Q

type of antibodies in AB plasma

A

none

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3
Q

blood types that AB can receive

A

A, B, AB, O

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4
Q

Antigens in O blood

A

none

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5
Q

Antigens in B blood

A

B antigen

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6
Q

Antigens in A blood

A

A antigen

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7
Q

type of antibodies in O plasma

A

anti A and anti B

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8
Q

type of antibodies in B plasma

A

anti A clumping proteins

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9
Q

type of antibodies in A plasma

A

anti B clumping proteins

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10
Q

can rh + recieve rh- blood types?

A

yes

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11
Q

which blood is the universal donor?

A

O-

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12
Q

which is the universal recipient

A

AB+

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13
Q

steps of how blood flows through heart

A
  1. the superior and inferior vena cava bring oxygen-poor blood from the body to the right atrium
  2. oxygen-poor blood enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
  3. the pulmonary artery brings oxygen poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve
  4. the pulmonary vein brings oxygen rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium
  5. oxygen rich blood enters the left ventricle through the mitral valve
  6. the aorta brings oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body’s tissues
  7. cells absorb much of the oxygen in the blood and the blood becomes oxygen poor
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14
Q

White or red blood cells?:

have nuclei that are stained purple under a microscope

A

white

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15
Q

White or red blood cells?:

leukocytes

A

white

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16
Q

White or red blood cells?:

contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen

A

red

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17
Q

White or red blood cells?:

erthrocytes

A

red

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18
Q

White or red blood cells?:

fight off pathogens and engulf bad bacteria

A

white

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19
Q

White or red blood cells?:

most numerous type of blood cell

A

red

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20
Q

vein vs. artery

A

vein takes blood to the hear and artery brings it away

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21
Q

smallest type of blood vessel?

A

capillaries

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22
Q

why is there a septum wall?

A

prevent mixing blood

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23
Q

after blood has been spun, what is the top layer?

24
Q

after blood has been spun, what is the second layer?

A

buffy coat (leukocytes + platelets)

25
Q

after blood has been spun, what is the 3rd layer?

A

erythrocytes

26
Q

3 types of blood cells and where are they produced?

A

red- bone marrow
white- bone marrow
platelets- bone marrow

27
Q

what causes sound of heartbeat?

A

closing of the valves

28
Q

what is hemoglobin

A

red protein that carries oxygen in the blood from the lungs to tissues and organs and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs

29
Q

pericardium

A

membrane or sac that surrounds heart

30
Q

epicardium

A

membrane that forms innermost layer of pericardium and outside of heart

31
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle/heart

32
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer of heart + lines the chambers

33
Q

what is the vessel that carries oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle?

A

pulmonary vein

34
Q

what is the vessel that carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs?

A

pulmonary artery

35
Q

what is the vessel that carries oxygen poor blood to the heart

36
Q

plasma is mostly composed of what?

37
Q

what is the largest artery in the body?

38
Q

hemoglobin is a protein that binds easily to what?

39
Q

what pumps blood into the pulmonary arteries leading to the lungs?

A

right ventricle

40
Q

what is the function of the valves in the human circulatory system?

A

prevent backward flow of blood

41
Q

how much blood does the human body have

A

4-6 liters

42
Q

what helps with blood clotting

43
Q

windpipe; tube through which air flows

44
Q

structure in the throat containing the vocal cords; the muscle pull the vocal cords together producing sound

45
Q

tiny air sac at end of bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur

46
Q

passageway leading from the trachea to a lung

47
Q

tube at the back of the mouth that serves as a passageway for both air and food

48
Q

space between the visceral and parietal pleurae filled with fluid

A

pleural cavity

49
Q

a layer of the membrane that firmly attaches to the surface of lungs; surrounds the lungs

A

visceral pleura

50
Q

entrance of air into the space between the pleural membranes, followed by lung collapse

A

pneumothorax

51
Q

large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest caivity that helps with breathing

52
Q

lines the inner wall of the thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

53
Q

the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, the blood, and the air in the lungs

A

respiration

54
Q

steps of inhalation

A
  • diaphragm contracts(moves down)
  • intercostal muscles contract (move out)
  • thoracic cavity enlarges as the ribs are raised and the sternum elevates
  • lung volume increases
  • pressure within alveoli falls to about 2mmHg below that of the atmospheric pressure
55
Q

steps of exhalation

A
  • diaphragm and intercostal muscle relax
  • diaphragm moves up
  • elastic tissue cause the lungs and thoracic cage to recoil and return to original shape
  • the alveoli diameters decrease in size- long volume increasing
  • alveolar pressure increases by about 1mmHg above atmospheric pressure so that the air inside is forced out
56
Q

explain how gas is exchanged between blood and the alveoli

A

gas exchange- oxygen dissolves in the moisture on the inner surface of the alveoli and then diffuse across the walls of capillaries into the blood

  • hemoglobin in red blood cells binds with oxygen
  • carbon dioxide in blood diffuses across walls into the air within an alveolus
57
Q

how many alveoli are in each lung?

A

480 million

Grade 12- Semester One (10 decks)

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