Circulatory and respiratory systems

Question 1

What processes do these two systems carry out?

Answer 1

1. Breathing
2. Gaseous exchange
3. Circulation and respiration

Question 2

What two process are carried out when breathing?

Answer 2

Inhalation and exhalation

Question 3

How does inhalation take place?

Answer 3

1. Rib cage moves upwards and outwards
2. The diaphragm contracts and flattens causing it to move downwards
3. This causes the chest volume to increase and the pressure to decrease
4. Lungs are pulled to become bigger ^
5. This allows the air to be pulled into the extra space in the lungs

Question 4

How does exhalation take place?

Answer 4

1. Rib cage moves downwards and inwards
2. The diaphragm relaxes, causing it to became a more dome-shaped.
3. This causes the chest volume to decrease and the pressure to increase
4. Lungs are squeezed smaller
5. This forces the air out the lungs

Question 5

Why do think it’s better to breathe air in through the nose?

Answer 5

The nose filters the air as it passes through.

Question 6

What is the trachea and what is its function?

Answer 6

The trachea is a tube that allows air to flow from the mouth into the bronchi and from there into the lungs.

Question 7

What is the function of the nose and mouth in the respiratory system?

Answer 7

They allow oxygen-rick air to enter into the body and be warmed.

Question 8

How does the trachea stay open?

Answer 8

C-shaped cartilage rings

Question 9

What happens when dust particles and micro-organinsms in the air enter into the trachea during inhalation ?

Answer 9

Mucus lines the trachea, traps the dust and microscopic hairs called cilia sweep it out.

Question 10

The trachea splits into two air tubes which connect to each lung. What are these tubes called?

Answer 10

Bronchi

Question 11

Bronchi divide into smaller tubes called … that connect with tiny … … of the lungs, called alveoli

Answer 11

Bronchioles

air bags

Question 12

What are the lungs made up of?

Answer 12

Alveoli, tiny air bags, which are surrounded by capillaries.

Question 13

What happens in the lungs

Answer 13

Gaseous exchange takes place

Question 14

What is the diaphragm and what is its function?

Answer 14

It is dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that enables you to breathe

Question 15

Where does gaseous exchange take place?

Answer 15

Across the lungs and in the cells of the body

Question 16

What does gaseous exchange refer to?

Answer 16

It refers to the diffusion of gases(O2 &CO2) across the lungs. The gases move in opposite directions.

Question 17

What happens to oxygen during gaseous exchange?

Answer 17

It diffuse from the alveolus (high conc.) - into the blood in the capillary (low conc.)

Question 18

What happens to carbon dioxide during gaseous exchange?

Answer 18

It diffuse from the blood in the capillary (high conc.) - into the alveolus (low conc.)

Question 19

What does the word diffusion mean?

Answer 19

It is the movement of gas from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 20

How does oxygenated blood get from the lungs to the cells?

Answer 20

1. O2 is inhaled into the lungs where it diffuses into the blood making it oxygenated
2. The oxygenated blood then travels towards the heart via the pulmonary veins.
3. The blood enters the left atrium first & then moves into the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve
4. From the left ventricle, blood is pumped to all the body cells via the aorta.

Question 21

Describe the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 21

When glucose is broken down in the mitochondria to release energy O2 is required & CO2 and H2O are given off.

Question 22

The cells take up oxygen for the process of cellular respiration which occurs in the…

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

How does deoxygenated blood return to the lungs?

Answer 23

1. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart via the super and inferior vena cave.
2. It enters the right atrium first and then travels through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
3. From the right ventricle, blood is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.

Question 24

What is an artery’s function?

Answer 24

Carry blood away from the heart to all the body cells

Question 25

What type of blood does an artery carry?

Answer 25

Oxygenated blood

Question 26

At what pressure does the blood in an artery flow?

Answer 26

HIGH

Question 27

At what pressure does the blood in a vein flow?

Answer 27

LOW

Question 28

What type of blood does a capillary carry?

Answer 28

Mixed blood

Question 29

What type of blood does a vein carry?

Answer 29

Deoxygenated blood

Question 30

What are the exceptions for an artery carrying oxygenated blood?

Answer 30

Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood

Question 31

What are the exceptions for a vein carrying deoxygenated blood?

Answer 31

Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood

Question 32

What is a vein’s function?

Answer 32

Return blood back to the heart from the body cells

Question 33

What is a capillary’s function?

Answer 33

Transports blood from arteries to veins

Question 34

Does an artery have a thick or thin muscular wall?

Answer 34

Thick

Question 35

Does a vein have a thick or thin muscular wall?

Answer 35

Thin

Question 36

Does an artery have a wide or narrow diameter?

Answer 36

Wide

Question 37

Does a vein have a wide or narrow diameter?

Answer 37

Narrow