Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry & Bio > The human reproductive system > Flashcards

The human reproductive system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the purpose of reproduction?

A

For the continuation of a species so that they don’t become extinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In oder for reproduction to occur what must happen?

A

The nucleus of a sperm cell must fuse with the nucleus of an egg cell in order to form a zygote.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the egg and sperm cells referred to as?

A

Gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is puberty?

A

It is the time when a Childs body develops and changes so that they can become capable of sexual reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What needs to happen to the sexual organs in order for them to produce gametes?

A

They need to mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is puberty necessary?

A

A young child’s body and sexual organs have not yet matured and therefore they cannot yet perform the reproductive function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the chemical messengers control puberty?

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are hormones produced by?

A

Different glands in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name one of the important glands that produces hormones and where it is situated?

A

Pituitary gland, situated at the base of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How big is the pituitary gland?

A

It is the size of a pea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is puberty brought about?

A
  1. Pituitary gland releases specific hormones into the bloodstream
  2. These hormones travel straight to the sex organs
  3. Sex organs then release hormones of their own
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the ovaries stimulated to produce?

A

oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the testes stimulated to produce?

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do these hormones (oestrogen & testosterone) initiate?

A

All the bodily changes that occur during puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the changes that our that are not directly associated with the primary sex organs are called?

A

Secondary sexual characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name all the secondary characteristics that occur in females during puberty? (6)

A
  1. Pubic & underarm hair starts to grow
  2. Menstruation occurs in a monthly cycle
  3. Breasts start to grow (breast feeding)
  4. Body shape changes - rising levels of oestrogen
  5. Body odour & acne starts developing
  6. Growth spirts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name all the secondary characteristics that occur in males during puberty? (4)

A
  1. Hairs starts growing in the pubic area, face and limbs
  2. Larynx grows causing voice to deepen
  3. Body door & acne starts developing
  4. Body shape changes - skeletal muscle & bones grow in size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the testes and scrotum?

A
  • produce sperm

- release testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is it imprints that the scrotum be kept at a temp of 35 degrees?

A

Perfect temperature for sperm to be produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do the two testes lie and what are they contained within?

A

They lie outside of the body in a sac-like structure called the scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the vas deferens(sperm duct)?

A
  • carries the sperm cell to the urethra from the testes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the penis?

A
  • Deposits the sperm(semen) into the vagina?cervix during ejaculation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A
  • Common pathway for urine
  • Pathway that semen moves through to exit the penis
    NB: Semen and urine never pass through the urethra at the same time
24
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A
  • birth canal for childbirth
  • Acts as a canal for sperm to enter the vagina (penis fits into it)
  • Menstrual blood passes through
25
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A
  • carries and protects the embryo/feuts for 9months of gestation/pregnancy
26
Q

What is the uterus?

A

It is a hollow organ with muscular walls

27
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A
  • Produce oestrogen & release an egg once every menstrual cycle
    They alternate releasing eggs
28
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A
  • Connects the ovaries to the uterus

- Where fertilisation takes place.

29
Q

What happens during the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation takes place

30
Q

The menstrual cycle begins during … and repeats every … days

A

puberty

28

31
Q

What happens when you have reached the period of time called menopause?

A

Your body stops releasing/producing eggs

32
Q

What is ovulation?

A

When an egg cell (ovum) is released from an ovary -alternate each cycle

33
Q

How does the uterus prepare for a possible implantation of a fertilised egg?

A

The lining of the uterus thickens &becomes more vascular.

34
Q

Explain what happens if the egg doesn’t get fertilised by the sperm?

A

It will move through the fallopian tube and pass out through the vagina.

35
Q

If the egg is fertilised, what do you think will happen to the uterus lining

A

It will remain intact for 9 months and will form part of the placenta.

36
Q

What is name given to define the action of the erect penis entering the vagina, during sexual intercourse?

A

copulation (sex)

37
Q

The penis deposits sperm into the female vagina through …

A

ejaculation

38
Q

1 out of … will be successful in breaking down the outer layer of the egg

A

a million

39
Q

When do we say that fertilisation has occurred?

A

When the nucleus of the sperm has fused with the nucleus of the egg

40
Q

Where does fertilisation take place?

A

In a fallopian tube

41
Q

What parts of the sperm do not enter the egg?

A

middle piece and the tail - their function was to transport the sperm’s nucleus to the egg

42
Q

When does gestation begin?

A

The moment the egg is fertilised by the sperm and forms a zygote

43
Q

Explain the process of gestation?

A
  1. The zygote starts to dived over and over again as it makes its way down the fallopian tube towards the uterus
  2. It then implants itself in the lining of the uterus and continues to grow - start to call this group of cells an embryo
  3. Cells start becoming specialised, this increases the tissues and organs that make up the human body
44
Q

What happens to the thick, blood-vessel rich ling of the uterus?

A

It forms the placenta

45
Q

Who is the placenta formed by?

A

Party the mother and party the embryo

46
Q

How does the embryo attach itself to the placenta?

A

By forming an umbilical chord

47
Q

What is the role of the umbilical chord and placenta?

A

For the mother to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the developing foetus and to remove waste products (CO2) as well.

48
Q

How long is the gestation period?

A

9 Months

49
Q

Name 3 harmful substances that affect the feotus:

A
  • Drugs: Nicotine
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking
50
Q

What is an example of the barrier method?

A

a condom

51
Q

What is an example of the hormonal method?

A

contraceptive pills

52
Q

What is an example of sterilisation?

A

vasectomy

53
Q

How does the barrier method function?

A

Prevents sperm from reaching the uterus

NB: ONLY method that prevents STI’s and HIV

54
Q

How does the Intra-uterine devise function?

A

Prevents the embryo from implanting

55
Q

How does the sterilisation function?

A

By surgery in men and women which is permanent and irreversible

56
Q

How does the hormonal method function?

A

Prevents ovulation & fertilisation in the female using hormones

Chemistry & Bio (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions