Circulatory and Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
right atrium
A
- Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body and delivers it to the right ventricle
- Houses cells of sinoatrial node which are responsible for generation of action potentials that cause the cardiac muscles in the atria to contract together with coordination and power
2
Q
left atrium
A
- Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
- Delivers oxygen-rich blood to the left ventricle, which pumps it out to the rest of the body via the aorta
3
Q
valves
A
prevent the backwards flow of blood
4
Q
right ventricle
A
passes blood on to the pulmonary artery
5
Q
left ventricle
A
pumps blood full of oxygen out to the body
6
Q
circulation of blood
A
- body
- vena cava (hollow vein)
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary artery
- lungs
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- bicuspid/mitral valve
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
- aorta
- body
7
Q
circulation from heart (6)
A
- heart
- arteries
- artrioles
- capillaries
- venules
- veins
8
Q
arteries
A
blood vessels that take blood from the heart to more parts of the body
9
Q
arterioles
A
- Small blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
- Connectors between arteries and capillaries
10
Q
capillaries
A
- Smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels
- Transport and exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells
11
Q
venules
A
- Very small blood vessels that connect capillaries and veins
- Moves blood that contains waste and lacks oxygen from capillaries to veins to get back to the heart
12
Q
veins
A
carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
13
Q
composition of blood
A
plasma and blood cells
14
Q
plasma (7)
A
- Plasma proteins: fibrinogen, albumin, globulins
- Electrolytes: Na, Cl, K
- Nutrients (e.g., glucose)
- Clotting factors
- Waste products
- Gases (e.g., CO2)
- Hormones
15
Q
blood cells
A
- red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- white blood cells (leucocytes)
- platelets (thrombocytes)
16
Q
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
A
- Produced in bone marrow, stored in spleen
- Cells without nucleus and organelles, but packed with hemoglobin (hemoglobin binds oxygen oxygen transport)
17
Q
platelets (thrombocytes)
A
- Produced in bone marrow, without nucleus or most organelles
- Important in formation of blood clots (plugs)
18
Q
functions of the circulatory system (4)
A
- Transportation
- Homeostasis: body temperature
- Prevent blood loss by clotting
- Protection against threats by circulating antibodies and white blood cells
19
Q
where does blood transport oxygen?
A
from lungs to body cells
20
Q
where does blood transport carbon dioxide?
A
from body cells to lungs
21
Q
where does blood transport nutrients?
A
from digestive system to all body cells
22
Q
where does blood transport waste products and toxins?
A
to liver and kidney
23
Q
where does blood transport hormones?
A
from endocrine glands to target tissues
24
Q
systole
A
- When the heart muscle contracts
- When the heart contracts, it pushes blood out of the heart and into the large blood vessels of the circulatory system from there, the blood goes to all of the organs and tissues of the body
- during systole, a person’s blood pressure increases
25
diastole
- diastole is when the heart muscle relaxes
- when the heart relaxes, the chambers of the heart fill with blood, and a person’s blood pressure decreases
26
what does the lymphatic system consist of?
lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thyus), lymph nodes, lymph vessel
27
what is lymph?
clear fluid (similar to blood plasma) with lymphocytes
28
circulatory and defense functions (6)
- Excess fluid uptake (one way stream)
- Defense against micro-organisms
- Remove dead cells
- Remove large proteins and toxins
- Transport of fat
- Production of new lymphocytes (bone marrow)
29
basic circulatory health signs - heart
heart rate/frequency, regularity
30
heart rate horse
28-40 per min
31
heart rate cow
50-80 per min
32
heart rate pig
60-90 per min
33
heart rate chicken
200-400 per min
34
basic circulatory health signs - circulation
mucosa: color, moistness, capillary refill time (CRT)
35
basic circulatory health signs - lymphatic system
edema, lymph nodes
36
function of respiratory system (5)
- Oxygen uptake
- Removal of carbon dioxide
- Thermoregulation
- Protecting the body against micro-organisms and other particles or molecules that are breathed in
- Sense of smell
37
larynx
protect lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into trachea while breathing
38
trachea
carry air in and out of the lungs
39
bronchi
carry air from and to the lungs
40
bronchioles
carry air to small sacs in the lungs called alveoli
41
alveoli
place where lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and out
42
gas exchange
ventilation, perfusion, diffusion
43
gas exchange - ventilation
air movement
44
gas exchange - perfusion
blood movement
45
gas exchange - diffusion
passive movement of gases between alveoli and capillaries
46
thorax pressure
when breathing in:
- external intercostal muscles contract
- ribcage moves up and out
- diapraghm moves down which creates negative pressure within the thorax
47
respiratory volume
the volume of gas in the lungs at a given time in the respiratory circle
48
lung volume horse
55 liter
49
lung volume cow
12-13 liter
50
respiratory health signs
- breathing frequency (respiratoral rate)
- breathing type
- sounds and smell
- nasal discharge
51
breathing types
normal: costo-abdominal
costal: pain or pressure in abdomen
abdominal: problem in lungs or airways
52
breaths per min horse
8-14
53
breaths per min cow
10-30
54
breaths per min pig
8-18
