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Animal Biology 2 > Circulatory and Respiratory System > Flashcards

Circulatory and Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

right atrium

A
  • Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body and delivers it to the right ventricle
  • Houses cells of sinoatrial node which are responsible for generation of action potentials that cause the cardiac muscles in the atria to contract together with coordination and power
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2
Q

left atrium

A
  • Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
  • Delivers oxygen-rich blood to the left ventricle, which pumps it out to the rest of the body via the aorta
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3
Q

valves

A

prevent the backwards flow of blood

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4
Q

right ventricle

A

passes blood on to the pulmonary artery

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5
Q

left ventricle

A

pumps blood full of oxygen out to the body

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6
Q

circulation of blood

A
  1. body
  2. vena cava (hollow vein)
  3. right atrium
  4. tricuspid valve
  5. right ventricle
  6. pulmonary valve
  7. pulmonary artery
  8. lungs
  9. pulmonary veins
  10. left atrium
  11. bicuspid/mitral valve
  12. left ventricle
  13. aortic valve
  14. aorta
  15. body
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7
Q

circulation from heart (6)

A
  1. heart
  2. arteries
  3. artrioles
  4. capillaries
  5. venules
  6. veins
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8
Q

arteries

A

blood vessels that take blood from the heart to more parts of the body

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9
Q

arterioles

A
  • Small blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
  • Connectors between arteries and capillaries
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10
Q

capillaries

A
  • Smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels
  • Transport and exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells
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11
Q

venules

A
  • Very small blood vessels that connect capillaries and veins
  • Moves blood that contains waste and lacks oxygen from capillaries to veins to get back to the heart
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12
Q

veins

A

carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart

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13
Q

composition of blood

A

plasma and blood cells

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14
Q

plasma (7)

A
  • Plasma proteins: fibrinogen, albumin, globulins
  • Electrolytes: Na, Cl, K
  • Nutrients (e.g., glucose)
  • Clotting factors
  • Waste products
  • Gases (e.g., CO2)
  • Hormones
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15
Q

blood cells

A
  • red blood cells (erythrocytes)
  • white blood cells (leucocytes)
  • platelets (thrombocytes)
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16
Q

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

A
  • Produced in bone marrow, stored in spleen
  • Cells without nucleus and organelles, but packed with hemoglobin (hemoglobin binds oxygen  oxygen transport)
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17
Q

platelets (thrombocytes)

A
  • Produced in bone marrow, without nucleus or most organelles
  • Important in formation of blood clots (plugs)
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18
Q

functions of the circulatory system (4)

A
  • Transportation
  • Homeostasis: body temperature
  • Prevent blood loss by clotting
  • Protection against threats by circulating antibodies and white blood cells
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19
Q

where does blood transport oxygen?

A

from lungs to body cells

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20
Q

where does blood transport carbon dioxide?

A

from body cells to lungs

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21
Q

where does blood transport nutrients?

A

from digestive system to all body cells

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22
Q

where does blood transport waste products and toxins?

A

to liver and kidney

23
Q

where does blood transport hormones?

A

from endocrine glands to target tissues

24
Q

systole

A
  • When the heart muscle contracts
  • When the heart contracts, it pushes blood out of the heart and into the large blood vessels of the circulatory system  from there, the blood goes to all of the organs and tissues of the body
  • during systole, a person’s blood pressure increases
25
Q

diastole

A
  • diastole is when the heart muscle relaxes
  • when the heart relaxes, the chambers of the heart fill with blood, and a person’s blood pressure decreases
26
Q

what does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thyus), lymph nodes, lymph vessel

27
Q

what is lymph?

A

clear fluid (similar to blood plasma) with lymphocytes

28
Q

circulatory and defense functions (6)

A
  • Excess fluid uptake (one way stream)
  • Defense against micro-organisms
  • Remove dead cells
  • Remove large proteins and toxins
  • Transport of fat
  • Production of new lymphocytes (bone marrow)
29
Q

basic circulatory health signs - heart

A

heart rate/frequency, regularity

30
Q

heart rate horse

A

28-40 per min

31
Q

heart rate cow

A

50-80 per min

32
Q

heart rate pig

A

60-90 per min

33
Q

heart rate chicken

A

200-400 per min

34
Q

basic circulatory health signs - circulation

A

mucosa: color, moistness, capillary refill time (CRT)

35
Q

basic circulatory health signs - lymphatic system

A

edema, lymph nodes

36
Q

function of respiratory system (5)

A
  • Oxygen uptake
  • Removal of carbon dioxide
  • Thermoregulation
  • Protecting the body against micro-organisms and other particles or molecules that are breathed in
  • Sense of smell
37
Q

larynx

A

protect lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into trachea while breathing

38
Q

trachea

A

carry air in and out of the lungs

39
Q

bronchi

A

carry air from and to the lungs

40
Q

bronchioles

A

carry air to small sacs in the lungs called alveoli

41
Q

alveoli

A

place where lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and out

42
Q

gas exchange

A

ventilation, perfusion, diffusion

43
Q

gas exchange - ventilation

A

air movement

44
Q

gas exchange - perfusion

A

blood movement

45
Q

gas exchange - diffusion

A

passive movement of gases between alveoli and capillaries

46
Q

thorax pressure

A

when breathing in:
- external intercostal muscles contract
- ribcage moves up and out
- diapraghm moves down which creates negative pressure within the thorax

47
Q

respiratory volume

A

the volume of gas in the lungs at a given time in the respiratory circle

48
Q

lung volume horse

A

55 liter

49
Q

lung volume cow

A

12-13 liter

50
Q

respiratory health signs

A
  • breathing frequency (respiratoral rate)
  • breathing type
  • sounds and smell
  • nasal discharge
51
Q

breathing types

A

normal: costo-abdominal
costal: pain or pressure in abdomen
abdominal: problem in lungs or airways

52
Q

breaths per min horse

A

8-14

53
Q

breaths per min cow

A

10-30

54
Q

breaths per min pig

A

8-18

Animal Biology 2 (4 decks)

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