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Biology > Circulation ( Year 10 ) > Flashcards

Circulation ( Year 10 ) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the blood flowing through the right hand side of the heart and going to the lungs called

A

Pulmonary circulation

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2
Q

What is the blood flowing through the left side of the heart and going through the rest of the body called?

A

Systemic circulation

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3
Q

Which blood vessel carries food to the liver for storage

A

Hepatic Potal vein

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4
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood rich in oxygen away from the lungs

A

Pulmonary vein

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5
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood back to the heart

A

Vena cova

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6
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

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7
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood rich in oxygen away from the heart

A

Aorta

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8
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood to the kidneys

A

Renal arteries

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9
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and around the body to every cell

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10
Q

What keeps the blood flowing in one direction through the heart?

A

Valves open one way to stop the blood going the wrong way to prevent backflows

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11
Q

Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than the atri?

A

They need to pump blood all around the body, because the ventricle required more energy than the atri and the atri contracts and squeezes blood into the ventricles

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12
Q

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall on the right ventricle

A

The left side pumps blood around the body at a greater force, the right side only pumps blood to lungs

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13
Q

What happens to your heart when you get excited or exercise?

A

Heart rate increases

Your muscles need more energy

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14
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell

A

Contains hemoglobin, carry’s oxygen from lungs

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15
Q

What is the function of a white blood cell

A

Protects the human body from infection as well as other foreign materials

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16
Q

What is the function of platelets

A

Repair small blood vessels and prevent dangerous amounts of blood from leaking out

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17
Q

Other that these 3 types of cell, what makes up the blood?

A

Plasma

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18
Q

What is plasma

A

The liquid portion of the blood

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19
Q

What are capillaries

A

Narrow blood tubes

20
Q

What are red blood cells

A

Contain shaemoglobin

21
Q

What are white blood cells

A

Flight against disease occurring

22
Q

What are antibodies

A

Can be produced by a certain type of blood cell

23
Q

What are platelets

A

Help the blood to clot and so prevents invaders

24
Q

What is the heart

A

The body’s blood pump

25
Q

Explain the features of veins

A

Valves keep blood moving in one direction. The thin muscle layer is so blood does not flow in pluses and so the vein walls cannot help pump blood

26
Q

Explain the features of capillaries

A

They bring nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products

27
Q

Explain the features of arteries

A

Help the withstand and absorb the pressure waves which begin in the heart and are transmitted by the blood

28
Q

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

A

The atrium

29
Q

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

A

The ventricle

30
Q

What is it called when blood is pumped back to the right side of the heart

A

Pulmonary circulation

31
Q

What is it called when the left hand side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body

A

Systemic circulation

32
Q

Explain why the left side of the heart has a thicker muscle than the right side

A

The left side of the heart is thicker due to the higher forces needed to pump blood through the systemic circuit

33
Q

How can exercise reduce stress?

A

Increases sense of well-being

Stimulates release of brain chemicals similar to morphine

34
Q

What effect does exercise sometimes have on blood pressure, and why is it important

A

Exercise prevents high blood pressure. People with lower blood pressure have less risk of having a heart attack

35
Q

What effect does exercise have on coronary arteries, and why is it important?

A

They become wider and the build-up of fatty deposits is less likely. It reduces the risk of heart disease. Gentle exercise may also help the growth of new blood vessels after a heart attack

36
Q

List things that can lead to heart disease

A

Eating lots of fatty foods

Smoking

Cigarettes

Little or no exercise

Stressful lifestyle

37
Q

How can you avoid heart disease

A

Cut down on fried foods

Eat less red meat

Eat less dairy foods

Eat more poultry and fish

Eat more fruit and vegetables

Don’t smoke

Relax

38
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit

A

Heat->lungs->heart

39
Q

What is the systemic circuit

A

Heart->body->heart

40
Q

What are arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

Thick muscular walls to withstand high pressure as blood is pumped through

41
Q

What are veins

A

Carry blood back to heart

Don’t have valves to help keep the blood flowing in one direction back to heart

42
Q

What are capillaries

A

Allow substances to exchange at body cells

Capillaries have very thin walls to allow these substances to leak through

43
Q

What are red blood cells

A

Very small no nucleus
Biconcave in shape, large surface area
Contains Haemoglobin which picks up oxygen
Oxygen + haemoglobin= bright red
Oxygen realeased to the tissue= purple/red

44
Q

What are white blood cells

A

Slightly larger than red blood cells
Concerned with protecting body
Detect bacteria and destroy them before they can harm body
Phagocytosis is when they engulf bacteria to destroy them
Produce antibodies with protect us from infection

45
Q

What are platelets

A 
Tiny cell fragments 
Carried around blood doing nothing
Platelets halo to form fibres at the cut ( a clot )
This stops dirt from getting in
Clot hardens to a scab

Biology (8 decks)

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