Circulation ( Year 10 ) Flashcards
What is the blood flowing through the right hand side of the heart and going to the lungs called
Pulmonary circulation
What is the blood flowing through the left side of the heart and going through the rest of the body called?
Systemic circulation
Which blood vessel carries food to the liver for storage
Hepatic Potal vein
Which blood vessel carries blood rich in oxygen away from the lungs
Pulmonary vein
Which blood vessel carries blood back to the heart
Vena cova
Which blood vessel carries blood to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Which blood vessel carries blood rich in oxygen away from the heart
Aorta
Which blood vessel carries blood to the kidneys
Renal arteries
What does the heart do?
Pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and around the body to every cell
What keeps the blood flowing in one direction through the heart?
Valves open one way to stop the blood going the wrong way to prevent backflows
Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than the atri?
They need to pump blood all around the body, because the ventricle required more energy than the atri and the atri contracts and squeezes blood into the ventricles
Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall on the right ventricle
The left side pumps blood around the body at a greater force, the right side only pumps blood to lungs
What happens to your heart when you get excited or exercise?
Heart rate increases
Your muscles need more energy
What is the function of a red blood cell
Contains hemoglobin, carry’s oxygen from lungs
What is the function of a white blood cell
Protects the human body from infection as well as other foreign materials
What is the function of platelets
Repair small blood vessels and prevent dangerous amounts of blood from leaking out
Other that these 3 types of cell, what makes up the blood?
Plasma
What is plasma
The liquid portion of the blood
What are capillaries
Narrow blood tubes
What are red blood cells
Contain shaemoglobin
What are white blood cells
Flight against disease occurring
What are antibodies
Can be produced by a certain type of blood cell
What are platelets
Help the blood to clot and so prevents invaders
What is the heart
The body’s blood pump
Explain the features of veins
Valves keep blood moving in one direction. The thin muscle layer is so blood does not flow in pluses and so the vein walls cannot help pump blood
Explain the features of capillaries
They bring nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products
Explain the features of arteries
Help the withstand and absorb the pressure waves which begin in the heart and are transmitted by the blood
What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
The atrium
What are the lower chambers of the heart called?
The ventricle
What is it called when blood is pumped back to the right side of the heart
Pulmonary circulation
What is it called when the left hand side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body
Systemic circulation
Explain why the left side of the heart has a thicker muscle than the right side
The left side of the heart is thicker due to the higher forces needed to pump blood through the systemic circuit
How can exercise reduce stress?
Increases sense of well-being
Stimulates release of brain chemicals similar to morphine
What effect does exercise sometimes have on blood pressure, and why is it important
Exercise prevents high blood pressure. People with lower blood pressure have less risk of having a heart attack
What effect does exercise have on coronary arteries, and why is it important?
They become wider and the build-up of fatty deposits is less likely. It reduces the risk of heart disease. Gentle exercise may also help the growth of new blood vessels after a heart attack
List things that can lead to heart disease
Eating lots of fatty foods
Smoking
Cigarettes
Little or no exercise
Stressful lifestyle
How can you avoid heart disease
Cut down on fried foods
Eat less red meat
Eat less dairy foods
Eat more poultry and fish
Eat more fruit and vegetables
Don’t smoke
Relax
What is the pulmonary circuit
Heat->lungs->heart
What is the systemic circuit
Heart->body->heart
What are arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Thick muscular walls to withstand high pressure as blood is pumped through
What are veins
Carry blood back to heart
Don’t have valves to help keep the blood flowing in one direction back to heart
What are capillaries
Allow substances to exchange at body cells
Capillaries have very thin walls to allow these substances to leak through
What are red blood cells
Very small no nucleus
Biconcave in shape, large surface area
Contains Haemoglobin which picks up oxygen
Oxygen + haemoglobin= bright red
Oxygen realeased to the tissue= purple/red
What are white blood cells
Slightly larger than red blood cells
Concerned with protecting body
Detect bacteria and destroy them before they can harm body
Phagocytosis is when they engulf bacteria to destroy them
Produce antibodies with protect us from infection
What are platelets
Tiny cell fragments Carried around blood doing nothing Platelets halo to form fibres at the cut ( a clot ) This stops dirt from getting in Clot hardens to a scab
