circulation (midterm 2) Flashcards

1
Q

what portions is circulation divided into

A

systemic and pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is circulation

A

transport of nutrients and O2 to tissues
waste and CO2 from tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the fundamental parts of circulation

A

arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do arteries do

A

transport blood under high pressure
large diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do arterioles do

A

control blood flow transported into the capillaries, decrease pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do capillaries do

A

exchange site of fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do venules do

A

collect blood from the capillaries back to heart; lower pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do veins do

A

transport of blood from tissues back to heart and reservoir of blood; low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does blood flow to tissues match

A

needs of tissues (oxygen, nutrients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do microvessels regulate

A

the flow of blood via contraction/dilation, allowing tissues in need to receive more blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is arterial pressure controlled

A

independently of local blood flow control and cardiac output control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens when arterial pressure decreases

A

contraction and constriction increases, then arterial pressure increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how much resistance to flow in peripheral circulation in the small arterioles

A

2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the resting diameters of small arterioles

A

5-25 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the major proteins in blood and what do they do

A

albumin - regulates pH and osmotic pressure
globulins - immune mlcs
fibrinogen - involved in clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the major cell types in blood

A

erythrocytes (red blood cells) direct oxygen transport
platelets involved in blood coagulation and hemostasis
leukocytes (white blood cells) are the cellular participants in the immune response

17
Q

what is hematocrit and what are they in men and women

A

percentage of blood that’s cells
men - 42-47%
women - 38-42%

18
Q

what is the marginal plasma layer

A

a thin cell free layer created within vessels because RBCs accumulate along the axis of the vessel

19
Q

what do blood cells provide

A

friction during vascular flow which leads to viscosity, which varies with vessel diameter

20
Q

what is the equation for resistance to flow

21
Q

what is the fahraeus-lindquist effect

A

as vessel diameter decreases, the apparent viscosity of blood decreases

22
Q

how are blood vessels distensible

A
  • increased diameter, decreases resistance, increases blood flow
  • acts to smooth pulsatile flow
23
Q

are veins or arteries more distensible

A

veins
Dv ~ 8x Da

24
Q

what is compliance

A

amount of blood that can be held with increased pressure

25
what is delayed compliance
acts to maintain pressure with changes in volume increased volume = quick increased pressure, then slow decreased pressure
26
what is pulse pressure
- difference between systolic and diastolic pressure - determined by stroke volume output and arterial compliance - function of cardiac output compliance
27
what does increasing compliance imply
a decrease in the transmission rate of the pressure pulse
28
what factors change pulse pressure
arteriosclerosis (increases pp) aortic stenosis (decreased pp) aortic regurgitation (decreased pp)
29
what does dampening lead to
increased resistance and decreased compliance - almost non-existent at capillaries
30
what happens with measuring blood pressure
1. stethoscope and cuff placed over upper arm over brachial artery 2. cuff pressure increases > 200 mmHg therefore collapses branchial and NO sound 3. cuff pressure slowly decreases and when pressure = diastolic pressure brachial opens at systolic and can hear sound 4. when Pcuff = P diastolic, brachial always opens and constant sound
31
what does pressure equal
120 (systole)/80 (diastole) pressure increases with age
32
what is central venous pressure regulated by
- increase in cardiac output decreases central venous pressure - increase in venous flow increases central venous pressure
33
what does hydrostatic pressure do
column of liquid exerts pressure due to the weight of liquid 13.6 mm H2O = 1 mmHg CVP = 0 mmHg
34
what is venous pressure in the feet, hands, and sagittal sinus
90 mmHg 35 mmHg -10 mmHg
35
what is the venous pump
veins contain one-way valves that direct blood -> heart via tissue compression