Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BISC 101 Final > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the Circulatory System?

A

The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood away from and towards the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood back to the heart. The circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products, like carbon dioxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three types of circulatory systems found in animals?

A

No Circulatory System

Open Circulatory Sytsem

Closed Circulatory Sytem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does it mean to have No Circulatory System?

A

It works well for marine invertebrates and simple invertebrates like sponges.

They are usually small enough so diffusion is enough. Have many openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does it mean to have an Open Circulatory System?

A

-Doesn’t need vessels going to every organ, but is less effective and harder to maintain due to fluid mixing

-Have a pump which creates motion
Ends up in the sinuses where it can spread all through the body and eventually be sucked back into the heart

-In most invertebrates

-Hemolymph - blood and lymphatic liquid

-Essentially one open Cavity

-Can be injected anywhere and effects will show

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does it mean to have a Closed Circulatory System?

A

-In vertebrates

-Blood contained in vessels, separate from interstitial

-Heart pumps blood through a closed tubular vessel

-Branches and becomes thinner
Capillaries allow gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two circuits of the Closed Circulatory System?

A

The Pulmonary circuit and the Systemic circuit

The Pulmonary Circuit is the exchange with the environment

The Systemic Circuit is the exchange with tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How has the Closed Circulatory System evolved?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What steps take place in the Pulmonary Circuit of Mammals? (Humans) (4)

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood enters the Right Atrium from the Superior and Inferior Vena Cave
  2. The Blood travels through the Tricuspid Valve or the Right Atrioventricular Valve and enters the Right Ventricle.
  3. The Blood goes through the Pulmonary Valve and into the Pulmonary Artery
  4. It is taken to the Lungs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What steps take place in the Systemic Circuit of Mammals? (Humans) (4)

A
  1. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the Left Atrium through the Pulmonary Vein
  2. It goes through the Bicuspid Valve or the Left Atrioventricular Valve and enters the Left Ventricle
  3. The blood then travels up through the Aortic Valve and enters the Aorta
  4. The Aorta carries the blood to the rest of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In what order does blood flow through the Heart? (14)

A
  1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
  2. Right Atrium
  3. Tricuspid Valve (right atrioventricular valve)
  4. Right Ventricle
  5. Pulmonary Valve
  6. Pulmonary Artery
  7. Lungs
  8. Lungs
  9. Pulmonary Vein
  10. Left Atrium
  11. Bicuspid Valve (left atrioventricular valve)
  12. Left Ventricle
  13. Aortic Valve
  14. Aorta
  15. Rest of the Body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 whilst travelling through the heart?

A

Good Luck (see image)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens during a Cardiac Cycle

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is happening when the heart contracts? (5)

A
  1. Signal originates at the SA Node
  2. Signal spread over the atria; atria contract
  3. Signal is delayed at the AV node
  4. The Signal spreads beginning at the bottom fibres of the ventricle and then at the top
  5. Ventricles Relax

Repeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an advantage of an open circulatory system?

A

You do not have to worry about hitting a particular blood vessel if you want to inject something into the insect to study its effect.

When you work on invertebrates you can inject it anywhere in the body cavity as long as you hit any space of the hemolymph.

It will be distributed throughout the insect and therefore insects are excellent model organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the fish Circulatory system work?

A

The heart has One Circuit and Two Chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which cells stimulate the contractions of the Heart?
Where are they Located?

A

Pacemaker Cells are located in the SA Node.

17
Q

How do signals spread across the muscle of the heart?

A

Through Gap Junctions

18
Q

Graph the electrical activity taking place in the Heart.
What is this Graph commonly referred to as?

A

ECG or Electrocardiogram

  1. Start
  2. Small jump as it spreads over the atria
  3. Signal is delayed at the AV node
  4. Large spike as the signal is conducted through the ventricle
    5.Minor electrical activity as it returns back to normal
19
Q

What is it called when both ventricles relax simultaneously?

A

Diastole (relax)

20
Q

What is it called when both ventricles contract simultaneously?

A

Systole (contract)

21
Q

What is the relationship between velocity and area during blood flow?

A

A smaller area means a higher velocity
See Graph

22
Q

Graph Blood pressure when blood is leaving and returning to the heart.
Which is higher?

A

Blood pressure is higher leaving the heart.

23
Q

What are the lowest and highest points when we measure blood pressure? What are they Called?
Graph that thang

A

It is at its HIGHEST when the Ventricles are CONTRACTING, which is the SYSTOLE

It is at its LOWEST when the Ventricles are RELAXING, which is the DIASTOLE
120/80 is considered normal BP

BOOM GRAPH

24
Q

What are the purposes of valves in the heart?

A

They keep blood flowing in the right direction and not going backwards.

25
Q

True or False
Hemolymph flows in the blood vessels only in an open circulatory system

A

FALSE
also flows through open sinuses

26
Q

True or False
Closed circulatory systems are found in arthropods and most molluscs

A

FALSE
Open circulatory systems are found in arthropods and most molluscs

27
Q

True or False
Open circulatory systems are a low pressure system with low O2 delivery but at low energetic cost

A

TRUE

28
Q

True or False
Blood is a connective tissue

A

TRUE

29
Q

What are two important traits of the circulatory system that evolved with increasing complexity in vertebrates?

A

2 chambered heart -> 4 chambered heart (5 chambers in turtles and lizards)
Single circulation -> Double circulation

30
Q

What are the two circuits of the mammalian circulatory system?

A

Pulmonary and systemic

31
Q

What makes closed circulatory systems different from open circulatory systems? Name 4 Differences.

A
  • Circulatory fluid-
    hemolymph in open and blood in closed

-Energetic Cost-
low in open systems, high in closed systems

-Mechanical System
-In open systems, 1 or more tubular hearts connect to incomplete blood vessels, hemolymph floods into open sinuses (not just blood vessels) and directly bathes tissues and organs in fluid (instead of capillaries);

In closed systems, 1 or more hearts pump blood in closed blood vessels infiltrating tissues (capillaries) -

-Blood Pressure-
low in open systems (low cost);
high in closed systems but increases effectiveness and regulation of O2 delivery (high cost)

32
Q

Describe the differences between the circulatory systems of birds and mammals

A

Trick Question
They are basically the same.

33
Q

What is the main difference between respiration in terrestrial insects and in terrestrial vertebrates?

A

Insects rely on their tracheal system to deliver oxygen in air to their tissues, whereas terrestrial vertebrates rely on their lungs to deliver oxygen to their tissues through the blood in their circulatory system.

34
Q

Which of the following is the normal sequence of signal conduction in the human heart?

A

neural and chemical messengers → SA node → atria → AV node → ventricles

BISC 101 Final (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions