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Physics Paper 1 > Circuits + Household Electricity > Flashcards

Circuits + Household Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a current?

A

A current is a ‘body’ moving in a definite direction

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2
Q

How do you calculate Current?

A

Current = Charge / time

Or

I = Q / t

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3
Q

How do you calculate the Number of Electrons?

A

Number of Electrons = Charge / Charge of 1 electron

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4
Q

What is the Potential Difference (Voltage) between two points in an electrical circuit?

A

It is the Work Done per Coulomb Charge that passes between the points.

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5
Q

How do you calculate the Potential Difference?

A

Potential Difference = Work Done / Charge

Or

V = W / Q

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6
Q

What is Resistance in a circuit?

A

Resistance in a circuit is the opposition to the flow of charge.

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7
Q

What are the factors that effect the amount of resistance in a circuit?

A
  1. Length og wire
  2. Diameter / Cross-sectional area of a wire
  3. Heat
  4. Conductivity
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8
Q

How do you calculate Resistance?

A

Resistance = Potential Difference / Current

Or

R = V / I

(V = I x R

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9
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the Voltage across two points.

E.g. If the Current doubles then the Voltage will also double

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10
Q

What is the rule for a Light Dependent Resistor?

A

Brightness Increases, Resistance Decreases

Or

BIRD

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11
Q

What is the rule for a thermistor?

A

Temperature Up, Resistance Down

Or

TURD

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12
Q

What is a Series Circuit?

A

A Series Circuit is only 1 loop meaning the current only has one path to flow through.

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13
Q

What is the rule for Current in a circuit?

A

It is the same at all points of the circuit

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14
Q

What is the rule for Potential Difference in a circuit?

A

It is shared between components

V supply = V¹ + V² + V³…

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15
Q

How do you calculate the resistance in a Series Circuit?

A

Resistance Total = R¹ + R² + R³…

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16
Q

What is a Parallel Circuit?

A

In a Parallel circuit there are several loops, this means the current has more than one path to flow through.

17
Q

What is the resistance in a Parallel Circuit?

A

The total resistance of two (or more) components in a parallel is less than the resistance of the resistor with the least resistance.

18
Q

What is the Current in a Parallel Circuit?

A

The total current through the whole circuit is the sum of the currents through each branch.

19
Q

What is the advantages of Parallel Circuits?

A
  1. You can control each branch with a switch

2. If one branch fails due to a component, the rest of the circuit will remain to work

20
Q

What is an Electrical Field?

A

Electrical Fields exist around charged objects and when things enter this field they will experience a force.

21
Q

What is an Alternate Current?

A

A Current that changes direction, comes from the National Grid

22
Q

What is a Direct Current?

A

A Direct Current is a Current that only flows in one direction.

23
Q

What is the Frequency and Voltage of the National Grid?

A

Frequency = 50 Hz

Voltage = 230 V

24
Q

What is the Colour, Voltage and Function of a Live Wire?

A

Brown

230 V

Provides the large alternating Potential Difference between it and the neutral wire so a alternating current is produced to power the appliance.

25
Q

What is the Colour, Voltage and Function of a Neutral Wire?

A

Blue

Close to 0 V

Provides a Potential Difference close to 0 V for the live wire to produce a large alternating potential difference berween the two wires.

26
Q

What is the Colour, Voltage and Function of the Earth Wire?

A

Yellow and Green

0 V

Connected to metal cases of appliances to stop it becoming live if the live wire touches the case. This stops the risk of electric shock to the user.

27
Q

What does a Fuse do?

A

A fuse melts and creates a circuit breaker stopping the flow of the current to the appliance. This can therefore stops house fire.

28
Q

How do you calculate Power?

A

Power = Current x Potential Difference

P = I x V

29
Q

What is the National Grid?

A

The National Grid is a system of cables and transformers.

30
Q

What is a Step-down transformer?

A

Decreases the Voltage and increases the Current

Found near homes, offices and schools

31
Q

What is a Step-up transformer?

A

Increases the Voltage and decreases the Current

Found near Power Stations

32
Q

What are the 3 ways to calculate Energy?

A

E = Q x V

E = P x t

E = I x t x V

Physics Paper 1 (10 decks)

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