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Film studies > Cinematography > Flashcards

Cinematography Flashcards

1
Q

Shot

A

single uninterrupted series of frames

- a basic unit of expression in film, varying in length from brief exposure to full rolls

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2
Q

Scenes

A
  • several shots together

- have their own beginning, middle, and end

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3
Q

Slow Motion

A
  • recording images faster than they’re occurring
  • faster than 24 frames/sec
  • can be used for both comic and dramatic purposes
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4
Q

Fast Motion

A
  • filming rate is slower than 24frames

- sense of blur

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5
Q

Freeze Frame

A
  • still images within a movie
  • created by repetitive printing in laboratory of same frame so that it can be seen without movement for whatever length of time
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6
Q

Eye level shots

A
  • helps put audience at character’s level, fuckin literally
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7
Q

High Angle Shots

A
  • camera positioned above the action
  • aimed downward
  • characters seem less powerful/ in control
  • can put characters in frame so audience can see their demeanor/ state
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8
Q

Low Angle Shots

A

camera below subject, aimed upward

  • exaggerates size and volume of subject
  • characters seem powerful
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9
Q

Canted angle / Dutch angle

A
  • diagonal line of frame

- signifies moments of imbalance or loss of control

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10
Q

Overhead shots

A
  • alienates characters

- typically extreme long shots

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11
Q

Camera distance refers to…

A

the space between the camera and its subject

  • determins how emotionally involved audience becomes with characters
  • helps establish narrative, patterns, and motifs
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12
Q

Extreme Long Shot

A
  • human subject is small in relation to environment

- emphasis on environment as opposed to characters

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13
Q

Long Shot

A

camera captures figure of protagonist in it’s entirety

- whole body is in frame

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14
Q

Medium Long Shot

A
  • captures human figure from knees up
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15
Q

Medium Shot

A
  • situates human body in frame from the waist up
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16
Q

Close Up

A
  • Closes in on section of body

- ex) face, torso, legs, or hands

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17
Q

Extreme close Up

A

partial face

ex) eyes, ears, fingers

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18
Q

Camera distance that create sense of intimacy (focus on faces and emotions)

A

Medium Shots and Close Ups

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19
Q

“Two Shots”

A

Contains two characters within the frame

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20
Q

Reframing

A

shifting camera’s height/angle/distance merely to account for character positions.

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21
Q

Pan

A

horizontal turning motion from fixed camera position

-

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22
Q

Swish Pan

A

pan is executed so quickly it produces a blur

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23
Q

Swish Pan can indicate two things…

A

rapid activity

or sometimes passage of time

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24
Q

Tilt

A

refers to technique of tipping camera vertically from fixed position
- often simulates characters looking up or down

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25
Q

Dollies

A

Mounts for cameras that allow horizontal fluid movement in tracking shots
- crab dolly allows rotation

26
Q

Tracking Shots

A
  • trace movement laterally or in and out of the frame
27
Q

Crane Shots

A
  • moves camera across three dimensional movement
28
Q

Aerial Shots

A
  • composes shots of great distance

-

29
Q

Hand held shots

A
  • camera held manually
  • shots are shaky, owing to the motion of operator
  • sense of suspense and liveliness
30
Q

Steadicam

A

Worn by operator that holds camera in place

- glides smoothly with mobility that hand held has

31
Q

Camera Movement displays information in 5 ways

A
  • reveals information dramatically
  • establishes character perspective
  • conveys sense of space
  • suggests mood
  • emphasizes continuity of space and time
32
Q

In the camera, lens focus light rays onto the

A

aperature

33
Q

depth of field

A

range of acceptable sharpness before and behind the plane of focus
- determined by focal length

34
Q

Focal Length

A

Determines depth of field

  • different for all lenses
  • distance in millimeters from center of lens to plane where the sharpest image is formed while focusing on a distant object
35
Q

Long focal length create… what kind of depth of field?

A

shallow depth of field

36
Q

Normal Lens

A

27-55mm

  • mimics perception of regular human eyes
  • no spatial distortions
37
Q

Wide Angle Lens

A

focal length is shorter than 27mm

  • wide angle view
  • depth of field = exaggerated - shit’s farther, yo
38
Q

Characters in wide angle lens (foreground and background)

A
  • Foreground characters appear larger

- Background characters appear smaller

39
Q

Distance between foreground and background using a wide angle lens. How does this translate to character movement?

A

The distance appears greater than it actually is.

- character moving towards camera will look like they’re fast as fuck

40
Q

Telephoto lens

A
  • focal length 75-100mm
  • shallow depth of field
  • ## compresses distance between objects at different distances from the lens
41
Q

Distance between foreground and background using a teleophoto lens. How does this affect character movement toward the camera?

A

distance appears less than it actually is.

-makes character movement appear slower than it actually is.

42
Q

Rack Focus

A

changes focus form plane of depth to another mid scene

43
Q

Split Screen

A

literally showing two different scenes within the frame

44
Q

Zoom Lenses

A

a lens with a variable focal length that allows changes of focal length while keeping the subject in focus

45
Q

Zooming In

A

switching from wide angle to telephoto

46
Q

Zooming Out

A

Switching from telephoto lens to wide angle.

47
Q

Trombone Shot`

A

tracking inward/outward as the camera zooms inward/outward

- creates fear or disarray

48
Q

Neutral Density filters

A

absorb all wavelengths and permit less light overall to strike the film stock

49
Q

Polarizing filters

A

increase color saturation and contrast in outdoor shots

50
Q

Diffusion Filters

A
  • enhance human face (no blemishes)
  • softens image and creates dreamy, romantic look
  • blurry image seen in love scenes
  • soft focus
51
Q

Fog Filters

A
  • glass surface with numerous etches spots that refract light
  • water droplet” appearance
52
Q

Day for Night

A
  • practice of shooting during the day but using filters and underexposure to create the illusion of nighttime
53
Q

Exposure

A

refers to amount of light striking aluminum layer of film stock
- light passes through shutter

54
Q

Overexposure

A

occurs when more light is required to produce an image

55
Q

images created with overexposure

A

high contrast, glaring light, washed outshadows

56
Q

underexposure

A

too little light strikes the film

57
Q

images created with underexposure

A

dark areas in an underexposed image will appear very dense

58
Q

What’s the difference between a long take and a long shot?

A

Long take = Duration of shot

Long shot = long camera distance from subject

59
Q

Deep Focus

A

sharp definition whatever their distance form the lens

60
Q

Shallow Focus

A

one area of focus

Film studies (10 decks)

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