CIEE business ethics midterm Flashcards

1
Q

During the first world war, __ ___ did business with the two sides of the war

A

Juan March

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Juan March was an important backer of the 1936 military rebellion against the ____ ____, which led to the Civil war in Spain

A

Spanish Republic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

foundation of philanthropy and sciences, produces world-class exhibitions and concerts that are free, important foundation dedicated to the development of cultural and scientific enhancement in Spain

A

Juan March foundation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(perspective) some commercial activity is based on pure self-interest; purpose of any business is to serve the self-interest of the shareholders; deception and lying are permissible in business

A

Business ethics as an oxymoron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ ___ is the study of business situations, activities, and decisions where issues of strategies/business rights and wrongs are addressed

A

business ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

There is considerable overlap between ethics and the __

Business ethics begins where the __ ends

A

law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ is about the norms, values, and beliefs embedded in social processes which define right/wrong for and individual/community

A

Morality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ studies morality and applies reason to elucidate specific rules/principles that determine morally acceptable courses of action

A

ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Globalization: engaging developing countries in a so-called race to the ___

A

bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ ____ are accused of exploiting workers in developing countries, destroying the environment, pit developing countries against each other

A

multinational corporations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(case for CSR)
Sometimes it is profit-maximization ‘under the cloak of social responsibility’ ; when the main reason is profit, the criticism is that CSR legitimizes corporate activity and consolidate the power of large corporations

A

Business case for corporate social responsibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Corporation defined

A

independent from those who work in them, manage them, invest in them, or receive products or services from them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ ____ have traditionally been the main obstacles to worldwide connections between people

A

territorial borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(case for CSR)
Many regard corporations to have a moral responsibility to deal with the negative externalities they cause (pollution, resource depletion, community problems) ; corporations should use their power and resources responsibly in society; corporations rely on the contribution of a wide set of constituencies, they should also take the interests and goals of them into consideration

A

Moral case for corporate social responsibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Corporations are ‘____ ___’ in the eyes of the law

A

artificial persons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ _________ oblige corporations to do what is right, just, and fair even when they’re not compelled to do so by the legal framework. Required of all corporations

A

ethical responsibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In _____ ____, companies see responsible behavior as an opportunity to generate profits while also living up to society’s expectations

A

contemporary CSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In ______ ____, it’s integral to core business and once the profit is generated, the company distributes some of the value created to projects and causes that are important to stakeholders

A

traditional CSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

____ ____ state the company’s values, beliefs, and goals with regard to its social environment

A

Social policies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Major firms include ____ objectives in their mission statements and other corporate policies

A

social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

___ ____ can be traced by looking at concrete changes that the corporation has achieved through the programmes implemented

A

social programs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sustainability defined

A

the long-term maintenance of systems according to environmental, economic, social considerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

8 international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000

A

Millennium development goals

22
Q

Formulated in 2015 by the United Nations to create a future global development framework to succeed the MDGs, collection of 17 interlinked objectives designed to serve as a “shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for the people and the planet now and into the future, many cross-cutting issues and synergies between the different goals

A

the Sustainable development goals

23
Q

Consideration: one’s own interests; Is this really my, or my organization’s, best long-term interests? Would it be acceptable and expected for me to think only of the consequences to myself in this situation?

A

Egoism theory

24
Q

Consideration: social consequences; If I consider all of the possible consequences of my actions, for everyone that is affect, will we be better or worse off overall? How likely are these consequences and how significant are they?

A

utilitarianism theory

25
Q

Consideration: Duties to others; Who do I have obligations in this situation?

A

ethics of duty theory

26
Q

Consideration: entitlements of others; Whose rights do I need to consider here? Am I respecting fundamental human rights and people’s need for dignity?

A

ethics of rights theory

27
Q

Consideration: Fairness; Am I treating everyone fairly here? Are there disparities that could be avoided?

A

theories of justice

28
Q

Consideration: character and integrity; What would a decent, honest person do in the same situation?

A

virtue ethics theory

29
Q

Consideration: relationships and responsibility; How do/would the other affected parties feel in this situation? Can I avoid doing harm to others and ensure their agency and power? Which solution is most likely to preserve healthy and harmonious relationships among those involved?

A

ethics of care theory

30
Q

Consideration: deliberative process; What norms can we work out together through open communication and discussion to provide a mutually acceptable solution to this problem?

A

discourse ethics theory

31
Q

Consideration: empathy and moral impulse; Am I just going with the flow without questioning whether it really feels right to me? What do my emotions and gut feelings tell me once I’m out of the office?

A

postmodern ethics theory

32
Q

Morality is context dependent and subjective; there’s no universal right or wrongs that can be rationally determined - it depends in the traditions or practices of those making the decision

A

Relative ethical theories

33
Q

Morality is about abstract obligations -based on moral rules- applicable to all ethical problems; you should act according to that principle/rule when you can and it should become a universal law

A

Kantianism

34
Q

Kant ___ __ allow for cases where a little rule-bending might be for the best

A

does not

35
Q

they are general statements of corporate aims, beliefs, values; virtually all organizations have one

A

Mission or values statements

36
Q

a voluntary statement that commits an organization, industry, or profession to specific beliefs, values, and actions that sets out appropriate ethical behavior for employees

A

codes of ethics

37
Q

The main goals for ___ ____ include identifying situations where ethical decision making is involved, understanding the culture and values of the organization, evaluating the impact of the ethical decision on the organization

A

ethics education

38
Q

3 elements of sustainability

A

environmental, economical, social effects

39
Q

(type of CSR) describes corporate activities that assume responsibility for the interests of society; consists of voluntary corporate policies, programs, and strategies

A

explicit CSR

40
Q

(type of CSR) describes corporations’ role within the wider formal and informal institutions for society’s interests and concerns; consists of values, norms, rules

A

implicit CSR

41
Q

an individual or group that has an interest in a company and can either affect/ be affected by the business

A

stakeholder

42
Q

provide the individual with the freedom to participate in society, such as the right to education, healthcare, various aspects of welfare

A

social rights

43
Q

provide freedom from abuses and interference (by the government), such as the rights to own property, to engage in “free” markets, or to exercise freedom of speech

A

civil rights

44
Q

enable individuals to participate in the process of governance beyond the sphere of their own property, such as the right to vote/hold office

A

political rights

45
Q

The decision is likely to have significant effects on others; characterized by choice, alternative courses of action are open; perceived as ethically relevant by one or more parties

A

3 characteristics of an ethical decision

46
Q

1) awareness 2) judgement 3) intent 4) behavior

A

4 stages in ethical decision-making

47
Q

the process by which organizations understand the interests + expectations of their stakeholders and attempt to satisfy them in a way that aligns with the interests of the company

A

stakeholder management

48
Q

the voluntary process concerned with assessing + communicating organizational activities + impacts on social, ethical, environmental issues relevant to stakeholders

A

social accounting

49
Q

(type of ethics program) emphasis on preventing, detecting, punishing violations of the law; uses compliance (fear) as motivation to do the right thing

A

compliance orientation

50
Q

(type of ethics program) based on defining organizational values + encouraging employee commitment to certain ethical aspirations; rooted in self-governance

A

values orientation

51
Q

(type of ethics program) focuses on satisfying external stakeholders (customers, community, shareholders)

A

external orientation

52
Q

(type of ethics program) primarily oriented towards protecting top management from blame for ethical problems or legal violations; employees and other stakeholders may see the introduction of ethics management as a cover for top managers

A

protection orientation

53
Q

describes the role of senior managers in setting the ethical tone of the organization and fostering ethical behavior among employees

A

ethical leadership

54
Q

entails focusing the organization’s attention on ethics and values and infusing the organization with principles that will guide the actions of employees

A

moral manager