cicero Flashcards
cum dignate otium
‘leisure with prestige’
- How Cicero felt an honest person should live
- a harmonious state in which men were valued according t o their rank in a hierarchal social structure
- a social, religious, legal and political status quo
concordia ordinum
harmony of the orders- senate and equites
first defined and put into practice in 63. An altered version of traditional roman value of ‘concordia’ (harmony of the republic)
inspired y seeing how well they worked together in the caroline conspiracy
How did Cicero use concordia ordinum for his benefit
He himself was an equites, so used it as a strategy to build an alliance and political harmony between two major orders of the state
why does cicero fail with concordia ordinum
- the senate was corrupt
> everyone wanted power for themselves
> they wanted to maintain their authority which had been restores by sulla - It was too idealistic
> He assumed everyone was a perfect roman like himself
> Since the cursus honroum had worked so well for him as a nous homo he was blind to its flaws
How can Cicero’s strive for power be seen as a stove for his ideals
- he needs political influence to enforce concordia ordinum
- in order to do so he must side with both
- rose using oratory skills and amicitia
why can’t cicero achieve concordia ordinum
- he needs political harmony between the senate and equites
- but the senate are split so he must merge he populares and the optimates
what did Cicero place great emphasis on due to his ideals
- qualities of duty, libertas, dignities and traditional morals
what did cicero want for the state
- ensuring dignitas and poper of the upper classes, of ensuring both harmony between the optimates and equites
- and that only the very best, wealthy, most capable men (boni) were placed in positions of political power
When did Cicero become governor of his province
Mid 51 BC to the summer of 50
where was Cicero’s governorship
Cilicia
Cicero’s political achievements as governor of Cilcia
- Restored calm by his mild system of government, after Crassus’ defeat by the parthians in 53Bc which had caused unrest in Cilicia
- He discovered that much of public property had been embezzled by previous corrupt governors and did the utmost to restore it
Cicero’s military achievments in Cilicia
- relived Cassius who had been besieged in Anticoch
- defeated some robbers based on Mount Amanus and was hailed imperator by his troops
- led his army against the idenpendent civilian mountain tribes- besieging their fortress of Pindenissum
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How cicero differed from other governors
- normally people would rule in an autocratic way (i.e. Verres)
- corruption, bribery, embezzlements, extortion, blackmail
- all aimed to improve financial situation, to bring popularity political influence
- also aimed to increase military strength (i.e. Caesar) to bring a loyal army, money, land, triumph
What did Cicero want from his province
to actually make it better
- he governed well, with fairness and diplomacy and sorted out existing debts and financial problems left by his prdeccesor.
when was the cat aline conspiracy
63BC
how did the cataline conspiracy start
- after failing to gain consulship in 63BC, Cataline planned an uprising in Rome for October 28,
- small risings in other parts of Italy and a major one led by I. Manlius in Etrutia yo appeal to the veteran colonists
Why was Cataline’s initial plan thwarted
- On October 20, an anonymous letter made its way to Crassus and the senate warning them to leave the city
- It was not until the following day that Cicero was able to convince the senate of the danger and have the SCU passed
SCU
senatus consult ultinum (ultimate decree of the senate)
- gave moral backing to the consul without increasing his legal powers
What happened after the conspirators plans were thwarted
- November 6th, they had a meeting
- Decided Cicero would be assainated, the city was to be set on fire and Cataline would head to Etruria to prepare to march on Rome
How did Cicero avoid assassination at the Cataline conspiracy
- He was informed by Fulvia, the aristocratic mistress of one of Cataline’s supporters, and had his house well-fortified
What happened after Cicero was almost assainated in the CC
- on november 8/9 he delivered the first two Catilinarians, forcing Cataline to leave
- he then just had to find evidence against the remaining conspirators in rome
How did Cicero use the Gauls for help in the CC
- After the Conspirators sought help from the ALlobroges tribe in Gaul, they approached Cicero who told them to play along
- DEC 2 the Allobroges trick the conspirators into giving signed treasonable letters
How did Cicero end the CC
- DEC 3 at last cicero bought the ‘big five’ into the temple of concord where they were found guilty
- cicero delivered 4th cat, followed by rousing speech from Cato which had the conspirators executed