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Peds Exam 2 > Chronic Respiratory conditions > Flashcards

Chronic Respiratory conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is asthma

A

chronic inflammatory airway disorder
airway obstruction, bronchial irritability, edema of mucous membranes, congestion and spasms of smooth muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles.

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2
Q

pathophysiology of ashtma

A

hypersensitivity type 1 immune response

IgE mediated

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3
Q

asthma classification system

A 
frequency and severity of symptoms
severe persistent
moderate persistent
mild persistent
mild intermittent
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4
Q

levels of control in asthma

A

controlled
partly controlled
uncontrolled

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5
Q

host risk factors of asthma

A 
age
heredity
gender
obesity
ethnicity
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6
Q

environmental factors of asthma

A 
allergens
infection
tobacco smoke
indoor/outdoor air pollution
diet
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7
Q

clinical manifestations of asthma

A 
dyspnea
excessive coughing
expiratory wheezing
diaphoresis
prolong expiratory phase 
anxious
restless
setting position
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8
Q

signs of respiratory distress

A

nasal flaring
cyanosis
intercostal retractions

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9
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

forced vital capacity (FVC)
forced expiratory volume (FEV)
forced expiratory flow (FEF)
Peak expiratory flow (PEF)

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10
Q

preventer meds for asthma (controllers)

A

corticosteroids : QVAR, flovent
Long acting Beta 2: advair, servent
mast cell stabilizers: cromolyn
Leukotriene inhibitors: Singulair

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11
Q

rescue meds for asthma (reliever)

A

short acting beta 2 agonists/ bronchodilators: proventil, xopenex, albuterol
methylxanthines (not used much b/c of toxicity) theophylline

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12
Q

nursing interventions for asthma exacerbation

A 
high fowlers
oxygen
teach child to use diaphragm to pull in and expel air
control panic
administer rescue drugs
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13
Q

exercise induced bronchospasms

A 
it is asthma
self-limiting
develops after vigorous exercise
do not exclude children from sports
pre-medicate to prevent exacerbation
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14
Q

symptoms of exercise induced bronchospasm

A

cough, shortness of breath, chest pain or tightness, wheezing and endurance problems

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15
Q

cystic fibrosis mainly effects which ethnicity?

A

caucasians

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16
Q

pathophysiology of CF

A

disrupts the normal functions of the exocrine glands related to sodium and chloride transport via the CFTR protein

17
Q

multiorgan effects of CF

A

respiratory
gastrointestinal
reproductive
hepatic

18
Q

pulmonary effects

A

repeated episodes of bronchitis and chronic bronchial pneumonia
generalized obstructive emphysema

19
Q

pulmonary s/s of CF

A

wheezy cough, increasing dyspnea, thick rattling extremely productive cough, cyanosis, pneumonia, polyps in nose, clubbed digits, chronic sinusitis

20
Q

GI tract effect of CF

A

small intestine, intestinal obstruction

pancreatic ducts

21
Q

what happens to the pancreas during CF

A

degeneration of pancreas
pancreatic achylia
malabsorption syndrome
diabetes

22
Q

GI s/s of CF

A 
appetite changes
steatorrhea
azotorrhea
weight loss
tissue wasting
distended abdomen
sallow skin
anemia
23
Q

hepatic effects of CF

A

biliary fibrosis
biliary cirrhosis
portal hypertension

24
Q

s/s of hepatic effects of CF

A

ascites
GI bleeding
jaundice

25
Q

reproductive effects of CF

A

sterility

delayed puberty

26
Q

salivary and sweat glands CF

A 
electrolyte loss
salty sweat
dehydration
hyponatremia
heat stroke
27
Q

diagnostic tests for CF

A

Prenatal-DNA analysis of chronic villi or amniotic fluid samples
newborn screening
pilocarpine electrophoresis (sweat chloride test) >60 is a positive result
stool for fecal fat

28
Q

what is considered a positive sweat test result during a pilocarpine electrophoresis test?

A

greater than 60

29
Q

prognosis of CF

A

decreased life expectancy

30
Q

how do you maximize health potential in CF patients

A

pulmonary hygiene
nutrition
prevention/early aggressive treatment of infection

31
Q

types of aggressive airway clearance for CF

A 
manual percussion
positive expiratory pressure  (PEP Mask)
high frequency chest percussion vest
airway oscillators like the flutter device
postural drainage
breathing exercises
physical exercise
32
Q

drugs for CF

A

bronchodilators
mucolytics; dornase alfa (pulmozyme)
chloride channel activators and sodium channel blockers
antibiotic therapy; therapeutic and prophylactic

33
Q

medical mgmt of cf

A 
pancreatic enzymes by mouth
fat soluble vitamins ( A,D,E,K)
stool softeners PRN
sodium tablets added to diet in hot water
oral iron supplements
monitor blood glucose
anti-inflammatory agents
protease inhibitors
immunizations
flu shots
lung transplant

Peds Exam 2 (13 decks)

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