Basic Peds IV therapy

Question 1

how are IV solutions selected for kiddos?

Answer 1

based on tonicity (osmolarity) and electrolyte content

Question 2

what concentrations are available for IV fluids

Answer 2

0.9%
LR
5% dextrose in water
10% glucose in water

Question 3

what is the most common pediatric maintenance solutions?

Answer 3

dextrose and NaCl

Question 4

hypotonic IV solution

Answer 4

.45NS. 2.5 D5W, .33NS
less solutes than intracellular fluid
Fluid shifts into cells
used for cellular rehydration
watch for decreased BP due to decreased blood volume
no low BP, increased ICP, stroke, neuro patient, liver, trauma, surgery, burns

Question 5

isotonic IV solution

Answer 5

NS, LR, D5W
same tonicity as intracellular fluid
no fluid shifts
used for fluid and electrolyte replacement
watch for fluid overload, edema, diluted lab values
no volume overload patients

Question 6

hypertonic IV solution

Answer 6

D5 1/2, D5NS, D5LR
more solutes than intracellular fluid
fluid shifts out of cells
used for hypovolemia/vascular expansion, increase urine output (post op), 3rd spacing, DKA
watch for hypervolemia, increased NaCl, extravasations, cellular dehydration, hyperglycemia
no renal or cardiac patients due to edema, dehydration

Question 7

what gauge of IV for infants/children?

Answer 7

22-24
scalp 23 or 25 with flexible wings
emla or buffered lidocaine for pain relief
T or J connector
IV shield

Question 8

Where can IV’s be placed

Answer 8

hand
arm
AC
scalp
foot

Question 9

what do you need to know about infusion pumps

Answer 9

always set at ml/hr, not GTTS
must be checked hourly
never teach children how to turn off alarms

Question 10

signs of infiltration

Answer 10

erythema
pain
edema
blanching on the skin along the vein immediately discontinue the line

Question 11

1 gram of urine =

Answer 11

1ml of urine

Question 12

what is normal urine output in children?

Answer 12

1-2ml/kg/hr