Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

Causes of chronic inflammation.

Answer 1

Primary and secondary causes.

Question 2

Name two causes of primary chronic inflammation.

Answer 2

Inflammatory response in chronic from the start.

Resistance of infective agent to phagocytosis and intracellular killing.

Question 3

Name the causes of secondary chronic inflammation.

Answer 3

Progression form acute inflammation. Presence of non-digestible material. Osteomyelitis. Deep seated abscess.

Question 4

What are the major cells involved in chronic inflammation?

Answer 4

Mononuclear cells (Monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells)
Fibroblasts

Question 5

True of false:

The onset of chronic inflammation is immediate

Answer 5

False. The onset of chronic inflammation is delayed.

Question 6

What are the common outcomes of chronic inflammation?

Answer 6

Tissue destruction
Fibrosis
Necrosis

Question 7

What are the common causative agents of chronic inflammation?

Answer 7

Persistent acute inflammation due to non-degradable pathogens
Viral infections
Persistent foreign bodies
Autoimmune reactions

Question 8

Explain granulomatous inflammation.

Answer 8

Pattern of chronic inflammation.

Type 4/ delayed hypersensitive reaction.

Question 9

Cells involved in granulomatous inflammation.

Answer 9

Epitheloid macrophages
Multinucleated giant cells-Langhans cells
-Foreign body type

Question 10

Causes of granulomatous inflammation

Answer 10

Infections; Mycobacteria; Fungi; Parasites; Syphilis; Foreign bodies; Drugs; Chemicals; Unknown (Crohn’s sarcoidosis)

Question 11

Macroscopic appearance of chronic inflammation.

Answer 11

Chronic pepetic ulcers
Chronic abscess cavity
Cholecystitis (thick wall of gall bladder)
Thickened pleura
Fibrosis–caused by stricture formation/obstruction
Pyloric stenosis/ bowel obstruction