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Patholoy > Chronic inflammation > Flashcards

Chronic inflammation Flashcards

exam 1

1
Q

Macrophage activation to kill ___________

A

intravesicular pathogens

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2
Q

No costimulation

T regulatory cells

A

impaired CD4 TH1 cell reponse

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3
Q

Immune response :

CD4 Th1 cells
Activated macrophages

A

Vesicular

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4
Q 
Immune response:
CD8 T cells
NK cells
NKT cells
gd cells
A

cytoplasmic

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5
Q

Immune response:

CD4 Th2 cells B cells/PC IgG
Phagocytes Complement

A

Interstitial spaces, Blood and lymph

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6
Q

Immune response:

CD4 Th2 cells
B cells/PC IgA
CD4 Th17 cells

A

epithelial surfaces

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7
Q

Tuberculosis
Leprosy (tuberculoid)
Deep fungal diseases
Leishmaniasis (cutaneous)

A

intracellular pathogen, CD4 Th1 response

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8
Q

The accumulation of macrophages loaded with mycobacteria typically seen in lepromatous leprosy are a likely consequence of:

  1. A decrease in microbial immunogenicity
  2. A deficit in pattern recognition receptors
  3. A deficient T cell repertoire
  4. A defective Th1 response
  5. A defective antibody response
A
  1. A defective Th1 response
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9
Q

Pyogenic cocci
Spirochetes
Toxins
Parasites

A

CD4 Th2 cell response for extracellular pathogen

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10
Q

Klebsiella
Helicobacter
Fungi (candida)

Autoimmune disease

A

CD4 Th17 cell response,

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11
Q 
Viral diseases     (vaccinia, influenza, rabies, hepatitis)
Listeriosis
A

CD8 cell response; intracellular pathogen

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12
Q

Cell mediated (type IV, CD4 T)

A

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

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13
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis

A

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

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14
Q

Clinical picture:

Blistering, erythema, induration

A

allergic contact dermitis

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15
Q

Lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Scleroderma
Dermatomyositis

A

systemic autoimmune disease

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16
Q

Thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s, Graves disease)
Type-1 diabetes mellitus
Addison’s disease

A

endocrine

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17
Q

Multiple sclerosis

Myasthenia gravis

A

neurological

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18
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

vascular

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19
Q

Autoimmune gastritis with pernicious anemia
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Gastrointestinal

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20
Q

Pemphigus Pemphigoid
Vitiligo Alopecia areata
Psoriasis Lichen planus

A

cutaneous

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21
Q

The usual reaction to non-degradable substances is in the form of foreign body __________ composed of macrophages (histiocytes) and multinucleated giant cells

A

granulomas

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22
Q

Mineral: silica (sand, glass), beryllium, zirconium
Plant (thorn), animal (insect parts)
Medical: suture material, synthetic grafts, implants

A

exogenous substances

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23
Q

Calcium, urate crystals, atheroma
Storage material
Keratin, hair
Dead tissue

A

endogenous non-degradable substances

24
Q

are circumscribed collections of inflammatory cells that aggregate around a central “nidus

A

Granulomas

25
Q

_________ can be composed of macrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils

A

Granulomas

26
Q

Granulomatous
Immune (hypersensitivity)-type granulomas
1. Caused by _________ i.e. mycobacteria, fungi, spirochetes, parasites
2. __________: i.e. sarcoidosis, Crohn’s disease

A
  1. caused by microorganisms

2. Unknown cause

27
Q

LONG-LASTING INFLAMMATION IN WHICH AFFECTED TISSUES ARE INFILTRATED MAINLY BY MACROPHAGES, LYMPHOCYES AND PLASMA CELLS

A

chronic

28
Q

IN MOST CASES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, IS THE EXPRESSION OF AN __________ IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

ADAPTIVE

29
Q

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN FOLLOW OR BE ADMIXED WITH ACUTE INFLAMMATION AND WITH __________ AND _________

A

TISSUE REPAIR AND REGENERATION

30
Q

Killing of extracellular pathogens

by stimulating antibody production by B cells

A

Th2 cell

31
Q

Killing of intracellular pathogens

by activating macrophages

A

Th1 cell

32
Q

Down-regulation of Th1, Th2, Th17 cells

A

T-regulatory cell

33
Q

Killing of extracellular pathogens through recruitment of neutrophils

A

TH17 cell

34
Q

mononuclear cell infiltration

A

macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells

35
Q

well-circumscribed aggregates of inflammatory cells bound together by extracellular matrix

A

granulomas

36
Q

mononuclear phagocyte system

A

macrophages

37
Q

macrophages make use of ___________ receptors to sense invading pathogens

A

pattern recognition

38
Q

M1 type macrophages

A

Th1 cell

39
Q

M2 type macrophages

A

Th2 cells

40
Q

macrophages that resemble squamous epithelial

A

epithelioid macrophages

41
Q

essential cell constituents of granulomas

A

multinucleated giant cells- macrophages

42
Q

composed of macrophages and giant cells with virtually no lymphocytes

A

foreign body granulomas

43
Q

sarcoidosis

A

unknown etiology of granulomatous disease

44
Q

Granulomas can be formed in response to inert substances, _______________ which do not represent an adaptive immune response, but rather an innate immune response.

A

such as foreign bodies

45
Q

Lepromatous leprosy and visceral leishmaniasis are clinical examples of chronic inflammation in a host with an impaired __________________

A

CD4 Th1 cell response

46
Q

IL-6

A

both

47
Q

IL-2,

A

chronic

48
Q

IL-13.

A

chronic

49
Q

IL-12,

A

chronic

50
Q

IL-10,

A

chronic

51
Q

IFN-g,

A

chronic

52
Q

IL-1,

A

acute

53
Q

TNF-a

A

acute

54
Q

IL-8,

A

acute

55
Q

_____________ is important in transforming macrophages into epithelioid cells in granuloma formation

A

Interferon-γ

Patholoy (7 decks)

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