Cell Injury Flashcards
exam 1
structural and functional barrier separating the cell’s internal milieu from the external environment
Plasma membrane
compartmentalize the internal environment
intracellular membrane
one of the most important factors in the maintenance of homeostasis; 25% energy expenditure used for this
volume regulation
stress leads to
adaptation
increase in the cell size and functional capacity
hypertrophy
hypertrophy can co-exist with
hyperplasia
hypertrophy leads to an increase in
gene expressions, synthesis of structural components and cell survival and decrease in degradation
tissue with cells in hypertrophy are
not capable of replication
increased workload, hypertension, cardiomyocyte, hypertrophy
pathologic hypertrophy
increased workload, pumping iron, skeletal muscle cell and hypertrophy
physiologic hypertrophy
increase in cell number leading to increase in tissue/organ mass
hyperplasia
tisssue with cells in hyperplasia are
capable of replication
Hyperplasia leads to a proliferation
of differentiated cells and stem cells
rapid growth through cell division in endometrial glands and stroma during the proliferative phase of the mestrual cycle
physiologic hyperplasia
benign prostatic hyperplasia
pathologic hyperplasia
uterus during pregnancy
both hyperplasia and hypertrophy
a reduction in the size of an organ or tissue due to a decrease in cell size
atrophy
atrophy leads to decrease and diminished
workload, metabolic activity and protein synthesis
atrophy leads to an increase in
protein degradation and autophagy
often as an adaptive response in which one adult cell type that is sensitive to a particular stress is replaced by a more resistant adult cell type
metaplasia
metaplasia results because of a reprogramming of
stem cells and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the connective tissue
persistent stressful condition may predispose to
malignant transformation
reversible change with the replacement of one differentiated cell type by another
metaplasia
Barrett’s esophagus
metaplasia
disordered growth and maturation of the cellular component a tissue
dysplasia
dysplasia results from a response to due a
persistence of injurious influence
dysplasia results from a _________ _________ in a proliferating cell population
sequential mutation
morphological expression of the disturbance in growth regulation
architectural anarchy
shares many cytological features with cancer but usually regress upon removal of stimulus
dysplasia
example of dysplasia
cervical dysplasia
normal cell with injurious stimulus leads to
cell injury
cell injury that is mild and transient
reversible injury