Chronic inflammation Flashcards
Chronic inflammation
Secondary stage of the inflammatory response
Begins 24-72hrs after the injurious event and may persist for weeks/months/years
Predominant cell type in acute inflammation
Neutrophils
Predominant cell type in chronic inflammation
Macrophages
4 types of inflammatory bowel disease
- Lymphocytic plasmocytic enteritis
- Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
- Neutrophilic colitis
- Granulomatous colitis
What is a pyogranulomatous lesion?
Chronic inflammatory lesion characterised by predominance of macrophages and neutrophils (a large granuloma)
Seen with FIP, Johne’s disease
What is a caseous granuloma?
A type of granulomas that affects organ function.
These can cause severe tissue necrosis.
Breakdown could lead to excessive bacterial dissemination throughout the body.
Chronic granulomatous disease
Inherited disorder where phagocytes don’t work properly.
This leads to increased susceptibility to repeated bacterial or fungal infections.
Chronic pyonephritis in dog kidney
Due to chronic pyogenic infections
Small raised red bumps = pyogenic granulomas
Can also see hydronephrosis: kidneys become swollen and stretched due to urine build up.
Chronic inflammation due to Actinobacillosis (cow tongue)
Can see proliferative, ulcerative chronic active inflammatory lesions
This lesions would contain neutrophils mixed with mononuclear inflammatory cells e.g. lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells
Chronic inflammation due to Mycobacterium bovis (TB)
The image shows granulomas on the peritoneum
This is an example of Type IV hypersensitivity
Immune mediated arteritis
Inflammation occurs in blood vessels and leads to swelling of heart muscle
More research needed; potential pathogenic cause = parvovirus
Chronic hepatitis (cow)
Acute hepatitis could have infectious/toxic/idiopathic cause, but aetiology of chronic hepatitis not known
Clinically, may see weight loss, lethargy and depression
Which cell types are indicated by the arrows?
This is a H&E image from a pyogranulomatous canine lung.
Activated and giant multinuclear cells
Within these, intracellular organisms can be seen
Chronic hepatitis (dog)
Chronic interstitial nephritis
Commonly seen in cats - CKD
Could have infections cause e.g. ascending UTI or infection that affects blood vessels e.g. FIP
In this case, immune system has caused granulomatous vasculitis and the development of renal interstitial pyogranuloma. This was caused by FIP.
Chronic interstitial nephritis
Diffuse interstitial fibrosis is responsible for fine pitting of surface
Rib callus in horse
