Chronic Diseases And Cardiopulmonary Conditions

Question 1

Coronary artery disease CAD/CHD

Answer 1

Cause by atherosclerosis- plaque fat waxy substance builds up in coronary arteries

Question 2

CAD Symptoms

Answer 2

Angina - chest pain because inadequate blood supply to heart

Question 3

Angina pectoris

Answer 3

Condition pt. experiences chest pain with exertion

Question 4

Myocardial infarction

Answer 4

Heart attack

Question 5

CAD risk factors

Answer 5

Controllable- smoking, high BP, diabetes, physical inactivity, obese
Not controllable- age, sex, family history

Question 6

CAD treatment

Answer 6

Lifestyle changes
Meds
PCI (coronary angioplasty)- non surgical that opens blocked arteries. Stent placed to keep artery open

Question 7

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Answer 7

Surgery that improves blood flow to heart in people with severe CAD

healthy artery from body is connected to blocked coronary artery and healthy goes around blocked to make new path for blood to flow to ❤️

Question 8

Cardiac valve disease signs

Answer 8

fatigue, SOB, swelling of extremities

Question 9

Open heart surgery

Answer 9

Used to manage many ❤️ conditions

Involves midline sternotomy- opening chest thru sternum to reach ❤️

Question 10

Sternal precautions

Answer 10

NO pull, push, lift more than 5-10 lbs
Move UEs together!
NO shoulder flexion greater than 90•

Question 11

Heart hugger

Answer 11

Provided to pt. To use when coughing and transitions for mobility

Question 12

Metabolic equivalent of task (MET) levels

Answer 12

Physiological measure showing energy cost of physical activity

One MET is equal to indiv. While seated

Question 13

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 13

When ❤️ doesn’t pump blood as well as should

Conditions like CAD eventually leave heart too weak or stiff to properly work

Question 14

CHF Term

Answer 14

Comes from blood backing up into- congesting- the liver, abdomen, LEs and lungs

Heart failure usually starts with L SIDE especially L ventricle

Question 15

Types of CHF: Left sided heart failure

Answer 15

Fluid backup in lungs causing SOB

Question 16

Types of CHF: Right sided heart failure

Answer 16

Fluid backup in abdomen, legs and feet cause swelling

Question 17

Types of CHF: Systolic heart failure

Answer 17

L ventricle can’t contract vigorously, PUMPING problem

Question 18

Types of CHF: Diastolic heart failure

Answer 18

L ventricle can’t relax/ fully fill, FILLING problem

Question 19

CHF Symptoms

Answer 19

SOB when exertion or lying down
Fatigue and weak
Swelling in LEs
Persistent cough/ wheezing with white or pink phlegm 
Etc. 
etc

Question 20

CHF ejection fraction

Answer 20

Important measure of how well ❤️ is pumping and used to help classify heart failure and guide treatment

Healthy- 50% or higher

Question 21

Anemia

Answer 21

Deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin in blood

Question 22

Anemia symptoms

Answer 22

Fatigue weak
Yellow skin
SOB
Cold hands and feet

Question 23

Anemia- blood transfusions

Answer 23

Used based on pt. signs and symptoms

NOT recommended less than 6-8 g/dL

Question 24

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD

Answer 24

Chronic inflammatory lung disease causes obstructed airflow from lungs

Question 25

COPD Symptoms

Answer 25

Breathing difficult, cough, mucus production and wheezing

Question 26

COPD causes

Answer 26

Long term exposure to irritating gases/ particulate matter like cigarette smoke

Question 27

common conditions that contribute to COPD Chronic bronchitis

Answer 27

Inflammation of lining of bronchial tubes which carry air air sacs of lungs MAIN symptom: daily cough/ mucus production 3x a yr for 2 consecutive yrs.

Question 28

common conditions that contribute to COPD Emphysema

Answer 28

Alveoli at end of smallest air passages of lungs destroyed d/t damaging exposure to cigarette smoke

Question 29

COPD symptoms

Answer 29

``` SOB clear throat 1st thing in morning cause extra mucus build up Chronic cough Cyanosis of lips, nail beds Swelling in LEs ```