Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

P.e U3 > chronic adaptations to training > Flashcards

chronic adaptations to training Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of aerobic training adaptations

A
  • Cardiovascular
  • respiratory
  • muscular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

resistance training adaptations

A

neuromuscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 types of chronic adaptations to training

A

aerobic, anaerobic, resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aerobic cardiovascular

A
  • faster heart rate recovery rate
  • increased capillarisation of the heart muscle
    -increased stroke volume of the heart
  • increased left ventricle size and volume ( cardiac hypertrophy)
  • decreased resting and submaximal hart rate and faster recovery heart rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aerobic respiratory training adaptations

A
  • pulmonary ventilation
  • tidal volume
  • respiratory rate
  • pulmonary diffusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aerobic training adaptations - muscular

A
  • muscle structures
  • increased myoglobin
    -increased mitochondria size, number and density
  • oxidative enzymes
  • oxidation of fat
  • glycogen sparing
  • glycogen stores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

increased cardiac hyprtrophy (cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A
  • an increase in the size of the left ventricular cavity leads to an increase in stroke volume and a slight thickening of the ventricular walls
  • heart experiences hypertrophy due to aerobic training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heart rate - (cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A
  • lower resting hearts rate ( due to increased stroke volume)
  • lower heart rate response at submaximal workloads
  • no real change of heart rate at maximal workloads
  • slower heart rate increase during exercise
  • lower and faster steady state
    decreased recovery heart rate following sub max exercise
  • decreased recovery heart rate following maximal exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

increased capillarisation of heart muscle -(cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A
  • increased capillary density improves blood flow to the heart
  • The heart maintains a very high level of oxygen extraction so that 70-80% of the arterially delivered oxygen is extracted, compared with 30-40% in skeletal muscle - O2 delivered to the heart is essentially used for contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stroke volume -(cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A
  • volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat of the heart
  • most pronounced in endurance atheltes
  • the increase in stroke volume is attributed to:
    + increased left ventricular cavity size
    + increase myocardial contractility ( force of the contraction of the left ventricle concentration)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cardiac output - (cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A
  • volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
    Q= SV x HR
  • average adult contains 5L blood so all blood is pumped through the heart about once every minute

For aerobic training:
- q is unchanged or has slight decrease at rest
- Q is unchanged or has slight decrease at sub - Max exercise
- Q increased at maximal exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood pressure - (cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A

Systolic - pressure on the arteries following CONTRACTION of the ventricles as blood is pumed out of the heart
DIASTOLIC - pressure in the arteries when the heart RELAXES and the ventricle fills with blood

Aerobic trainings influences
+ decreased BP at rest
+ Decreased BP at submax level
+ unchanged BP at max levels

  • greatest changes occur in systolic blood pressure which decreases due to:
    = increased vasodilation of blood vessels - less peripheral resistance to blood pressure
  • decreased concentration of total cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood vessels - (cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A
  • Aerobic training increases the size of blood vessels ( arteries and capillaries) transporting O2 to the heart
  • results in improves blood supply to the heart and therefore improved O2 supply to the heart
  • leads to increased capillarisation at the skeletal muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

increased plasma and haemoglobin - (cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A
  • total blood volume and haemoglobin increase with aerobic training
  • improves O2 carrying capacity of the blood and is closely correlated with max VO2
  • increased blood volume assist temp control during exercise particulary in hot temps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

oxygen extraction - aVO2 diff - (cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A
  • differences in oxygen content between the arterial and mixed venous blood. Represents the amount of O2 extracted or consumed by the tissues

Aerobic training –> larger avo2diff
- redistribution of blood flow to active muscles
- greater extraction of o2 by the working muscles as a result of increased mitochondria numbers, more oxidative enzymes and increased levels of myoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lactate production -(cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A
  • prolonged Aerobic training - > decrease in blood lactate production
  • trained aerobic athletes have increased ability to remove lactate from the blood
17
Q

Lactate inflection point - LIP def -(cardiovascular adaptations - aerobic training )

A

is the highest exercise intensity where lactate entry into and removal from the blood are balanced. Above this point blood lactate levels begin to rise rapidly. Highest aerobic steady state an individual can maintain

18
Q

Lactate inflection point - LIP

A

following training the workload will increase allowing the athlete to work at a higher intensity without accumulating lactate and the lactate associated effect of fatigue due to:
+ increased mitochondrial density
+ increased capillarisation
+ increased oxidative enzymes
+ structural changes to the cardiovascular system

19
Q

Lung volumes and capacities, vital capacities, tidal volume ?????/

A
20
Q

Diffusion - respiratory adaptations - aerobic training

A
  • the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillaries and that of carbon dioxide from the capillaries into the alveoli is known as diffusion
  • when aerobic training brings about increased in lung volume and therefore surface area of the lungs there is more opportunity for diffusion

+ increases at rest
+ increased at sub max
+ increases at maximal bouts of energy

21
Q

Ventilation - aerobic respiratory

A
  • the amount of air breathed per minute
    = RR x TV
    + ventilation at rest decreases due to increased efficiencies
    + ventilation at sub max exercise decreases due to increased efficiencies
    + ventilation at max exercise increases- increasing the supply of oxygen available and therefore ability to work aerobically
22
Q

oxygen consumption ( Vo2)

A
  • is the volume of oxygen uptake and utilized by the body per/minute per kilogram of body weight - ml/min/kg
    + remains unchanged at rest
    + unchanged or decreases at submax
  • increased vo2 max is the result of adaptation to:
  • stroke volume
  • HR
  • A-VO2 Diff
23
Q

Muscular structure- muscular aerobic

A
  • affects the structure of the skeletal muscles

SLOW TWITCH FIBRES WILL:
- increase in size ( becoming larger then fast twitch fibres in the same muscle)
- take up more of the muscle area than fast twitch fibres
- be recruited preferentially

24
Q

Increased myoglobin ( aerobic respiratory)

A
  • aids in the transport of oxygen across the cell membrane to the mitochondria in the muscle cell
  • aerobic training increases myoglobin levels in skeletal muscles

therefore:
+ increased stores of O2 are possible
+ increased diffusion of O2 is possible

25
Q

increased mitochondria size and number and density (aerobic respiratory)

A
  • place where the aerobic production of ATP occurs
  • Aerobic training increases the size, number, density and surface area of mitochondria ‘
  • increases the amount of ATP that can be produced aerobically –> endurance athletes cna perform at higher intensities with the highest energy contribution coming from the aerobic pathways –> lower reliance on anaerobic pathways
26
Q
A

P.e U3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions