AOS 2 - how does the body create energy

Question 1

What are the three main food fuels

Answer 1

• Carbohydrates ( CHO)
• Proteins
• Fats

Question 2

Carbohydrates (CHO)

• breaks down into
• stored in
• used for
• duration
  -resynthesis rate
• yield

Answer 2

• breakdown into glucose and fructose in the blood stream
• stored in muscle and liver as glycogen
• glycogen used for short bouts of exercise: e.g sprinting and running
• duration of glycogen - 30- 90 min or more
• resynthesises ATP at a FAST rate/ - efficient food source
• yield - 36- 38 ATP per glycogen molecule

Question 3

Fats

• concentration
• duration and intensity
• resynthesizes rate
• O2
• Free faty
• triglyceride

Answer 3

• highest concentration of energy
• LONG duration, LOW to MODERATE intensity exercise such as hiking
  -resynthesizes ATP at the SLOWEST rate
• large amounts of O2 to convert to energy, so exercise intensity will decrease.
• 147 ATP per Free Faty Acid
• 441 ATP per Triglyceride

Question 4

proteins ( less important to learn )

• energy production
• use
• role
• amino acids

Answer 4

• limited role in energy production
• used in famine and only as a last resort.
• used in muscle tissue growth and repair from damage.
  -Essential Amino Acids (9) and Non Essential Amino Acids (11

Question 4

Crossing over concept

Answer 4

As intensity increases, energy production from carbohydrates increases while energy production from fats decreases.

Question 5

ATP stored in the body

Answer 5

stores about 50-100 grams but requires about 50 - 180kg.

Question 6

Sliding filament theory

Answer 6

Describes the process of muscle contraction. This occurs from ATP bring broken down into ADP . Sarcomere has actin filament protein ( thin ) and myosin filaments ( thick)

Question 7

Phosphorylation

Answer 7

this involves the addition of phosphate to ADP to form ATP, therefore resynthesising ATP

Question 8

3 different ATP pathways/ producing systems

Answer 8

ANAEROBIC SYSTEMS (without 02 )
+ ATP- CP system
+ Anaerobic glycolysis

AEROBIC SYSTEM (with 02 )
+ Aerobic

Question 9

ATP - CP system
-fuel
- rate
- intensity
- - biproducts

Answer 9

• chemical fuel - creatine phosphate
• fastest rate 9 3.4 moles per min )
• used for high intensity for up to 10s
• biproducts - ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 10

Anaerobic glycolysis system

Answer 10

• Chemical fuel – glycogen (glucose).
• no 02 required
• fast (rate 1.6 moles/minute)
• high intensity activities (> 85% HR max) and for increases in intensity during longer activities when CP has not been restored.
• up to 2mins of high intensity activity – peak usually between 15 and 20 seconds.
• Contributes 40-45% of ATP during 100m sprint.
• Relative ATP production – few; limited Low Yield 1.4 ATP (twice as much as provided by ATP-CP system.)
• By product – lactic acid (disassociates to lactate + H+).
• Examples - 400m world record, 200m canoe sprint, 100m freestyle

Question 11

Aerobic system

Answer 11

• Chemical fuel/s – glycogen (carbohydrates), triglyceride (fats),
• Used at rest and sub-maximal intensities (< 80% max HR)
• At rest fats metabolized.
• 02 required – yes
• Speed/Rate – slow (1.0 moles/minute) – involves a series of complex chemical reactions
• Yield – high 36-38 ATP
• By products – carbon dioxide (CO2) /water (H2 O) (non-fatiguing)
• Examples- cross country skiing 50km, 1500m athletes, rowing,3000m steeplechase

Question 12

Does the aerobic system have o2 pyruvic acid

(Aerobic Metabolism of Glucose and Fats)

Answer 12

yes - it’s transported to the Krebs Cycle where it is broken down further

• Hydrogen combines with two enzymes called NAD (forms NADH) and FAD u(forms FADH2) both of which are high energy compounds, and is transported to the Electron Transport Chain.?????????