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PE > Chronic Adaptations > Flashcards

Chronic Adaptations Flashcards

1
Q

What are chronic adaptations?

A

Long term physiological changes in response to training loads, that allows the body to meet new demands.

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2
Q

How are chronic adaptations characterised?

A

Either:
- aerobic adaptations
Or
- anaerobic adaptations

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3
Q

What levels of the body do chronic adaptations occur at?

A

Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Muscular

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4
Q

What aerobic training methods lead to chronic adaptations?

A

Continuous
Long interval
Fartlek

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5
Q

What anaerobic training methods lead to chronic adaptations?

A 
Short interval
Intermediate interval
Speed training
Plyometric training
Weights/resistance
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6
Q

What do chronic adaptations occurring on a respiratory level effect?

A

Changes occurring in the athletes lungs

Any changes ultimately lead to increased levels of o2 intake

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7
Q

What are some aerobic adaptations at a respiratory level?

A
  • increased lung volume
  • increased tidal volume
  • decreased ventilation
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8
Q

What do chronic adaptations occurring on a cardiovascular level effect?

A

Changes occurring in an athletes heart, blood vessels and blood
Any changes ultimately lead to an increase of O2 we can transport

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9
Q

What are some aerobic adaptations at a cardiovascular level?

A
  • Increased left ventricle size = increased SV and increased cardiac output as well as increased oxygen supply to working muscles
  • decreased resting/sub max/recovering HR
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10
Q

What are some anaerobic adaptations at a cardiovascular level?

A

Increased left ventricle wall thickness = more forceful contractions = increased SV and increased speed of pumping blood = removal of by products

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11
Q

What are some aerobic adaptations at a muscular level?

A
  • increased mitochondria - powerhouse for aerobic energy

- increased Avo2 diff

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12
Q

What are some anaerobic adaptations at a muscular level?

A

Increased contractile proteins (actin and myosin)

Increased fast twitch fibre size and number

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13
Q

What do glycolysis enzymes do?

A

Increasingenzyme activity increases turnover of ATP resynthesis. This allows more rapid increase of energy

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14
Q

What contributes to muscular hypertrophy?

A
  • increased number and size of myofibrils
  • increased contractile proteins
  • increased size and strength of connective tissue
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15
Q

What contributes to Vo2 max?

A

Chronic adaptations in the respiratory system such as:

  • increased lung volume
  • increased diffusion
  • increased ventilator efficiency
  • increased SA of alveolar-capillary interface
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16
Q

What does a Vo2 mac increase mean?

A

Decreased respiratory rate and increased tidal volume which means increased ventilation

17
Q

Explain each of the followings role for aerobically making ATP:

  • haemoglobin
  • myoglobin
  • mitochondria
A
  • haemoglobin: carries oxygen in the blood allowing higher production of ATP
  • myoglobin: assists in delivering oxygen across the cell membrane to the mitochondria
  • mitochondria: pyruvate is broken down in the mitochondria to create ATP
18
Q

How can anaerobic adaptations improve performance?

A
  • increased contractile proteins (myosin and actin)
  • increased fast twitch muscle number and size will allow the athlete to produce quicker contractions allowing them to move faster for longer due to the increased number.
  • increased left ventricle wall thickness results in more forceful contractions which would increase SV and also increase the removal of by products
19
Q

Explain increased motor units

A

Motor unit recruitment refers to the activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in contractile strength in a muscle

20
Q

What is ATPase?

A

ATPase is an enzyme.

ATPase breaks down ATP into ADP and free phosphate ion, releasing energy

21
Q

Explain what myofibrils are?

A

One of many contractile filaments that make up a muscle fibre

22
Q

Explain two respiratory adaptations other than diffusion.

A
  • increased lung volume
  • increased tidal volume
  • increased alcoholic size and SA
23
Q

What is an adaptation to aerobic training?

A

Increased oxidation of fats and glycogen

increased LIP

PE (4 decks)

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