Chapter 4 - Acute Responses To Exercise Flashcards
Ventilation
How much air is breathed in or out in one minute
Tidal volume
How much air is inspired or expired in one breath
Respiratory rate
The number of breaths taken in one minute
Ventilation equation
Ventilation = TV (litres) x RR (breaths/min)
Ventilatory threshold
The point where ventilation increases at a non linear rate
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
What are some cardiovascular responses to exercise?
Cardiac output Blood pressure Venous return Blood volume Redistribution of blood flow Oxygen consumption (VO2) Arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff)
What are some acute respiratory responses to exercise?
Ventilation
Tidal volume
RR
Diffusion
Systolic blood pressure
Pressure in the arteries following contraction of ventricles as blood is pumped out of the heart
Diastolic blood pressure
Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes and ventricles fill with blood
Vasoconstriction
A decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel, resulting in a decrease in blood flow to the area supplied by the blood vessel
Vasodilation
An increase in the diameter of the blood vessel, resulting in an increase in blood flow to the area supplied by the blood vessel
What happens to blood flow during exercise?
There is a REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD FLOW away from the spleen, kidneys and inactive muscles to the working muscles to ensure these muscles recieve he createst amount of CARDIAC OUTPUT. VASOCONSTRICTION supplies the inactive areas while VASODILATION supplies the working muscles
a-vO2 diff
Arteriovenous oxygen difference.
Difference in oxygen concentration in the arterioles compared with the venuoles
What are some acute muscular responses to exercise?
Increased blood flow Motor unit recruitment Energy substrates Lactate Body temperature
Motor unit
A motor neuron and the muscle fibres it stimulates
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate.
A chemical compound made up of adenosine and three phosphate molecules
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
A chemical compound made up of adenosine and two phosphate molecules
Phosphocreatine
A chemical fuel consisting of a bound phosphate and creative molecule
What are acute responses?
Immediate physiological responses to exercise
What are the three systems?
Cardiovascular
Muscular
Respiratory
When does ventilation stop increasing?
When it meets the oxygen demands of the exercise
Lactate inflection point
The exercise intensity beyond which lactate production exceeds removal, sometimes referred to as lactate threshold
What are the mechanisms responsible for venous return
The muscle pump
The respiratory pump
Venocibstriction
