chromosomes, DNA, and genes Flashcards
Where are chromosomes located?
Nucleus
What are chromosomes made up of?
DN and histone proteins
How many haploid and diploid chromosomes does a cell have?
N=23, 2N=46
Differentiate autosomes and sex chromosomes?
Autosomes are non sex chromosomes.
Sex chromosomes are X and Y chromosomes.
What happens to chromosomes pairs during interphase?
They replicate and turn into sister chromatids.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the stages of DNA replication?
1) DNA uncoils and separates
2) Free nucleotide bases in the nucleus join to the separated strands
3) Two strands identical to each other and the original are formed
What are the nucleotides and structure of DNA?
DNA is a coiled double helix made up of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups and nitrogen rich bases.
What are the bases and which ones are complementary?
Adenine and Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine.
What is the purpose of DNA?
Contains genetic material which determine traits and characteristics.
What are genes?
Specific sequence (number and order) of DNA bases.
What is the purpose of genes?
Determine specific trait because the sequence of bases determines the sequence of amino acids which codes for the cell to produce specific proteins.
How do you get your specific genes?
Genetic variation.
What are some processes of genetic variation (only meiosis)?
1) Random chromatids lining up and separating during metaphase and anaphase I
2) Crossing over and recombination of chromatids in prophase I
3) Random combination of gametes
Why do we resemble our parents?
We inherit a pair of chromosomes (in gametes) from each parent (contain their genes). So we are a combination of their genes.
