Cells Flashcards
What are characteristics or eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic: large, complex, DNA in nucleus, contains organelles
Prokaryotic: small, simple, DNA free-floating in cytosol, only organelle is ribosomes
What kingdoms are classified as eukaryotic and prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic: animals, plants, fungi, protists
Prokaryotes: bacteria, archaea
What is an organelle?
Small organelles with specialized functions
Nucleolus
Produces ribosomes
Nucleus
Contains DNA and chromosomes, and controls cell movement.
Rough ER (ribosomes attached)
Synthesizes, folds and sorts proteins (sent to golgi body)
Smooth ER (no ribosomes attached)
Synthesizes lipids
Golgi apparatus/body
Receives proteins from rough Er and sorts whether they are sent outside the cell or to lysosomes (in animal cells)
Vacuole
Contains water, materials and waste
Ribosomes
Produce proteins
Mitochondria
Produce energy for the cell
Cytoskeleton
Structure for cell and move organelle/materials within cell (proteins between rough ER and golgi body)
Cytosol
Suspends organelles
Cell membrane
Controls what enters/exits the cell
What organelles specialized to animal/plant cells?
Animal: lysosomes
Plant: chloroplasts and cell wall
