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QC2 > chroma > Flashcards

chroma Flashcards

1
Q

are multistage separation
methods in which the components of
a sample are distributed between
two phases, of which one is stationary
and the other is mobile.

A

Chromatographic separation
techniques

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2
Q

separate different components present in a sample since samples contain a mixture
polar and nonpolar, ionic or non ionic compounds

A

Chromatographic separation
techniques

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3
Q

may be a solid or a liquid
supported on a solid or a gel

A

STATIONARY PHASE

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4
Q

may be packed in a column,
spread as a layer, distributed as
a film, or applied by other
techniques

A

STATIONARY PHASE

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5
Q

may be in a gaseous or liquid
form, or a supercritical fluid

A

MOBILE PHASE

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6
Q

any substance at a temperature
and pressure above its critical point, where distinct
liquid and gas phases do not exist, but below the
pressure required to compress it into a solid.

A

supercritical fluid -

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7
Q

supercritical fluid -

A

Border of being a liquid
and being a gas.

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8
Q

SP of Ion exchange

A

negatively charged
beads

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9
Q

Separated by size by
virtue of density

A

Size Exclusion

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10
Q

pressure needed when the column is very
packed

A

high pressure

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11
Q

T/F: Column is a very porous material but need
help of pressure when it is very packed

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Gas chrom SP:

A

liquid or solid

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13
Q

Liquid Chromatography SP:

A

solid or liquid

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14
Q

Gas chrom MP:

A

gas

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15
Q

Liquid Chromatography MP

A

liquid

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16
Q

a graphical representation of the
detector response,
concentration of analyte in the
eluent, or other quantity used as
a measure of eluent
concentration versus eluent
volume or time

A

CHROMATOGRAM

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17
Q

volume between the point at
which the eluents meet and the
top of the column

A

DWELL VOLUME/GRADIENT DELAY VOLUME

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18
Q

T/F:dwell volume: mobile phase

A

T

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19
Q

Air can cause a __________ on the chromatogram

A

peak

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20
Q

the time required for elution of an unretained component

A

HOLD-UP TIME (TM)

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21
Q

shown as an
air or unretained solvent peak, with the baseline scale in minutes

A

HOLD-UP TIME (TM)

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22
Q

the volume of mobile phase required for elution of an unretained
component

A

HOLD-UP VOLUME (VM)

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23
Q

time for the unretained component to be eluted

A

Tm

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24
Q

Volume required to push the unretained component =

A

Vm

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25
Q

Faster flow rate - ________ components are removed

A

more components are removed

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26
Q

formula for Vm

A

Vm = Tm (hold-up time) x F

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27
Q

a measure of column efficiency

A

NUMBER OF THEORETICAL PLATES (N)

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28
Q

depends upon the substance being chromatographed as well as the
operating conditions, such as the flow rate and temperature of the
mobile phase or carrier gas, the quality of the packing, the uniformity of
the packing within the column, and, for capillary columns, the thickness
of the stationary phase film and the internal diameter and length of the
column

A

NUMBER OF THEORETICAL PLATES (N)

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29
Q

Bell curve

A

Gaussian peaks

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30
Q

Used in industry

A

w/ electronic integrators

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31
Q

the portion of the chromatographic recording of the detector response
when a single component is eluted from the column

A

PEAK

32
Q

if separation is incomplete, two or more components may be eluted as
one unresolved peak

A

PEAK

33
Q

employed as a system suitability criterion in a test
for related substances when baseline separation
between two peaks is not achieved

A

PEAK-TO-VALLEY RATIO (p/v)

34
Q

ratio of the adjusted retention time of a component relative to that of
another used as a reference, obtained under identical conditions

A

RELATIVE RETENTION (r)

35
Q

“unadjusted relative retention”

A

RELATIVE RETENTION TIME (RRT)

36
Q

the separation of two components in a mixture

A

RESOLUTION (RS)

37
Q

the time elapsed between the injection of the sample and the
appearance of the maximum peak response of the eluted sample
zone

A

RETENTION TIME (tR

38
Q

may be used as a parameter for identification

A

RETENTION TIME (tR)

39
Q

characteristic of the compounds they represent but are not unique

A

RETENTION TIME (tR)

40
Q

Not used to characterize compounds
since it is not unique but it is a parameter
for identification. L

A

RETENTION TIME (tR)

41
Q

volume of mobile phase required for elution of a component

A

RETENTION VOLUME (VR)

42
Q

relative retention calculated for two adjacent peaks (by convention,
the value of the separation factor is always >1)

A

SEPARATION FACTOR (⍺)

43
Q

“tailing factor”, of a peak

A

SYMMETRY FACTOR (AS

44
Q

system suitability tests is done at the

A

start

45
Q

integral part of GC and LC methods

A

SYSTEM SUITABILITY TESTS

46
Q

used to verify that the chromatographic system is adequate for the
intended analysis

A

SYSTEM SUITABILITY TESTS

47
Q

pH of the mobile phase (HPLC):

A
48
Q

based on the concept that the equipment, electronics, analytical
operations, and samples analyzed constitute an integral system that
can be evaluated as such

A

SYSTEM SUITABILITY TESTS

49
Q

. concentration of salts in buffer (HPLC)

A
50
Q

ratio of components in mobile phase (HPLC): amount of the minor
component (≤50%) can be adjusted ________ but cannot exceed ______-
in relation to the total mobile phase

A

± 30%; ± 10%

51
Q

wavelength of UV-Vis detector (HPLC):

A

± 3 nm

52
Q

stationary phase column length (GC):

A
53
Q

stationary phase column inner diameter (GC):

A

: ± 50%

54
Q

. particle size (HPLC): -

A

-25% to 50% of the prescribes column length and
particle size ratio

55
Q

flow rate (GC):

A

± 50%

56
Q

flow rate (HPLC):

A

± 50% (isocratic)

57
Q

column temperature (HPLC):

A

± 10°

58
Q

oven temperature (GC):

A

± 10%

59
Q

oven temperature program (GC):

A

± 20%

60
Q

A gaseous mobile phase flows under pressure through a ___________
either coated with a liquid stationary phase or packed with liquid
stationary phase coated onto a solid support

A

heated tube

61
Q

Principle of Gas Chrom:

The analyte is loaded onto the
head of the column via a ______ , where it
evaporates. It then condenses at
the head of the column, which is
at a lower temperature.

A

heated
injection port

62
Q

liquid stationary phase is deposited on a
finely divided, inert solid support, such as
diatomaceous earth, porous polymer, or
graphitized carbon, which is packed into a
column that is typically 2–4 mm in internal
diameter and 1–3 m in length

A

PACKED COLUMN

63
Q

T/F: Packed Column causes less problem in sample introduction

A

T

64
Q

T/F: Packed Column do not produce high-resolution
chromatography

A

T

65
Q

contain no packed solid support, the liquid
stationary phase is deposited on the inner
surface of the column and may be
chemically bonded to it

A

CAPILLARY COLUMN

66
Q

higher efficiency
larger sample volume neede
most commonly used carrier gas in
capillary GC is helium

A

CAPILLARY COLUMN

67
Q

A liquid mobile phase is pumped under pressure through a stainless
steel column containing particles of stationary phase with a diameter
of 3–10 mm (1.7 mm in ultra- high-performance liquid
chromatography (UPLC))

A

HPLC

68
Q

The analyte is loaded onto the
head of the column via a loop
valve and separation of a
mixture occurs according to the
relative lengths of time spent by
its components in the stationary
phase.

A

HPLC

69
Q

most commonly used stationary phases are modified silica or
polymeric beads

A

HPLC

70
Q

beads are modified by the addition of

A

ong-chain
hydrocarbons

71
Q

(HPLC) Mobile phase in Normal Phase

A

NP

72
Q

(HPLC) Mobile phase in Reverse Phase

A

Polar

73
Q

includes stainless steel, lined stainless steel, and polymeric
columns, packed with a stationary phase

A

CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMN

74
Q

the chromatographic technique which has seen the
most intensive development in recent years, leading to
improved columns, detectors and software
control.

A

HPLC

75
Q

(HPLC) The variety of columns and detectors means that the selectivity of the method can be .

A

readily adjusted

76
Q

less risk of
sample degradation Compared to gas chromatography (GC

A

HPLC

QC2 (6 decks)

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