Christmas Mock SBA Flashcards
What type of transport is Na+/K+ -ATPase an example of?
Primary Active Transport
What does a diamond represent on a genetic pedigree chart?
undetermined gender
What is consanguinity?
a reproductive union between 2 relatives
What is polymorphism?
frequent hereditary at a locus, that typically don’t cause disease but can make you more/less susceptible
What is polyploidy?
more than 2 paired homologous sets of chromosomes
What protein structure is zinc fingers an example of?
super secondary structure
What is the function of topoisomerase?
unwinds the DNA double by relieving the supercoil
What is the function of ribonuclease H?
recognises RNA primers and removes them once DNA synthesis has begun
what is the function of DNA ligase?
joins Okazaki fragments in a continuous strand of DNA
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
joins adjacent nucleotides together via a phosphodiester bond in a 5’ to 3’ direction
What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis?
phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
Enolase converts which substrate into phospoenolpyruvate in glycolysis?
2-phosphoglycerate
Where does Krebs cycle take place?
matrix of the mitochondria
Which enzyme is involved in the production of FADH2 in the Krebs’ cycle?
Succinate dehydrogenase
In which cell type are you most likely to find a perinuclear hof?
Plasma cell
What is the regulatory hormone for platelets?
thrombopoietin
What is the regulatory hormone for erythrocytes?
erythropoietin
What is the regulatory hormone for granulocyte?
granulocyte colony stimulating factor
Which type of cell has a reniform nucleus?
Monocytes
Which type of cell has a multi-lobed nuclei?
neutrophils
What type of cell have a bi-lobed and lozenge-shaped nucleus?
eosinophils
What type of cell has a bi-lobed nucleus?
basophils
What artery is the main supply to the atrioventricular node?
posterior interventricular artery
In what % of people does the PIA originate from a) the right coronary artery, b) right and left coronary arteries, c) left coronary artery?
a) 70%
b) 20%
c) 10%
The maxillary artery arises from which of the aortic arches?
1st aortic arch
Is angiotensin II a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?
vasoconstrictor
Is prostacyclin a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?
Vasodilator
Is ANP a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?
vasodilator
Is Bradykinin a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?
Vasodilator
Is NO a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?
vasodilator
What does the T wave represent on an ECG?
ventricular repolarisation
What is contained within the dense granules of platelets?
ADP and thromboxane A2
What does the bulbs cords develop into?
right atrium
What epithelium do bronchioles contain?
ciliated columnar epithelium with a few goblet cells and Clara cells
What is the function of the periciliary fluid?
it keeps the mucous at an optimum distance from the epithelium
At which level of the thoracic vertebrae does the trachea bifurcate?
T4
Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
C4
Where does the aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?
L4
What is functional plasticity?
the ability of cells to alter their function in order to accommodate for the current needs of a tissue
What is the purpose of exhaled nitric oxide test?
indirect measuring of airway inflammation
Where can you find central chemoreceptors?
In the brainstem
What % of the surface area of an alveoli does a type 1 pneumocyte usually make up?
90%
The diaphragm receives motor innervation from which nerve?
phrenic nerve
Which cartilage is attached to the vocal cords?
arytenoid
At which thoracic vertebral level does the hiatus for the inferior vena cava lie?
T8
AT which thoracic level does the hiatus for the oesophagus lie?
T10
At which thoracic level does the hiatus for the descending aorta lie?
T12
Give an example of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?
Peyer’s patches
vermiform appendix
Waldeyers tonsillar ring
What gland has a purely serous secretion?
parotid gland (Von Ebners gland - a minor salivary gland also does)
Does gastrin increase or decrease the strength of gastric peristaltic contractions?
increase
Does duodenal distension, decrease in duodenal pH, increase in duodenal osmolarity and high fat concentration in the duodenum increase or decrease the strength pf gastric peristaltic contractions?
decrease
Is vitamin B-12 a fat-soluble vitamin?
No, but is absorbed like one when intrinsic factor is bound to it
What type of cell is equivalent of a pace-maker cell in the intestines?
Interstitial cells of Cajal
What % of fluid is absorbed in the small intestine?
80%
What type of research study is considered to be the ‘golden standard’?
randomised control trial
Which is the main hormone stimulating bile secretion?
cholecystokinin
