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Phase 1 > Christmas Mock SBA > Flashcards

Christmas Mock SBA Flashcards

1
Q

What type of transport is Na+/K+ -ATPase an example of?

A

Primary Active Transport

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2
Q

What does a diamond represent on a genetic pedigree chart?

A

undetermined gender

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3
Q

What is consanguinity?

A

a reproductive union between 2 relatives

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4
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

frequent hereditary at a locus, that typically don’t cause disease but can make you more/less susceptible

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5
Q

What is polyploidy?

A

more than 2 paired homologous sets of chromosomes

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6
Q

What protein structure is zinc fingers an example of?

A

super secondary structure

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7
Q

What is the function of topoisomerase?

A

unwinds the DNA double by relieving the supercoil

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8
Q

What is the function of ribonuclease H?

A

recognises RNA primers and removes them once DNA synthesis has begun

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9
Q

what is the function of DNA ligase?

A

joins Okazaki fragments in a continuous strand of DNA

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10
Q

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

A

joins adjacent nucleotides together via a phosphodiester bond in a 5’ to 3’ direction

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11
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

A

phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

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12
Q

Enolase converts which substrate into phospoenolpyruvate in glycolysis?

A

2-phosphoglycerate

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13
Q

Where does Krebs cycle take place?

A

matrix of the mitochondria

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14
Q

Which enzyme is involved in the production of FADH2 in the Krebs’ cycle?

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

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15
Q

In which cell type are you most likely to find a perinuclear hof?

A

Plasma cell

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16
Q

What is the regulatory hormone for platelets?

A

thrombopoietin

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17
Q

What is the regulatory hormone for erythrocytes?

A

erythropoietin

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18
Q

What is the regulatory hormone for granulocyte?

A

granulocyte colony stimulating factor

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19
Q

Which type of cell has a reniform nucleus?

A

Monocytes

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20
Q

Which type of cell has a multi-lobed nuclei?

A

neutrophils

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21
Q

What type of cell have a bi-lobed and lozenge-shaped nucleus?

A

eosinophils

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22
Q

What type of cell has a bi-lobed nucleus?

A

basophils

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23
Q

What artery is the main supply to the atrioventricular node?

A

posterior interventricular artery

24
Q

In what % of people does the PIA originate from a) the right coronary artery, b) right and left coronary arteries, c) left coronary artery?

A

a) 70%
b) 20%
c) 10%

25
Q

The maxillary artery arises from which of the aortic arches?

A

1st aortic arch

26
Q

Is angiotensin II a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

A

vasoconstrictor

27
Q

Is prostacyclin a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

A

Vasodilator

28
Q

Is ANP a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

A

vasodilator

29
Q

Is Bradykinin a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

A

Vasodilator

30
Q

Is NO a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

A

vasodilator

31
Q

What does the T wave represent on an ECG?

A

ventricular repolarisation

32
Q

What is contained within the dense granules of platelets?

A

ADP and thromboxane A2

33
Q

What does the bulbs cords develop into?

A

right atrium

34
Q

What epithelium do bronchioles contain?

A

ciliated columnar epithelium with a few goblet cells and Clara cells

35
Q

What is the function of the periciliary fluid?

A

it keeps the mucous at an optimum distance from the epithelium

36
Q

At which level of the thoracic vertebrae does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4

37
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

C4

38
Q

Where does the aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?

A

L4

39
Q

What is functional plasticity?

A

the ability of cells to alter their function in order to accommodate for the current needs of a tissue

40
Q

What is the purpose of exhaled nitric oxide test?

A

indirect measuring of airway inflammation

41
Q

Where can you find central chemoreceptors?

A

In the brainstem

42
Q

What % of the surface area of an alveoli does a type 1 pneumocyte usually make up?

A

90%

43
Q

The diaphragm receives motor innervation from which nerve?

A

phrenic nerve

44
Q

Which cartilage is attached to the vocal cords?

A

arytenoid

45
Q

At which thoracic vertebral level does the hiatus for the inferior vena cava lie?

A

T8

46
Q

AT which thoracic level does the hiatus for the oesophagus lie?

A

T10

47
Q

At which thoracic level does the hiatus for the descending aorta lie?

A

T12

48
Q

Give an example of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

A

Peyer’s patches
vermiform appendix
Waldeyers tonsillar ring

49
Q

What gland has a purely serous secretion?

A 
parotid gland 
(Von Ebners gland - a minor salivary gland also does)
50
Q

Does gastrin increase or decrease the strength of gastric peristaltic contractions?

A

increase

51
Q

Does duodenal distension, decrease in duodenal pH, increase in duodenal osmolarity and high fat concentration in the duodenum increase or decrease the strength pf gastric peristaltic contractions?

A

decrease

52
Q

Is vitamin B-12 a fat-soluble vitamin?

A

No, but is absorbed like one when intrinsic factor is bound to it

53
Q

What type of cell is equivalent of a pace-maker cell in the intestines?

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

54
Q

What % of fluid is absorbed in the small intestine?

A

80%

55
Q

What type of research study is considered to be the ‘golden standard’?

A

randomised control trial

56
Q

Which is the main hormone stimulating bile secretion?

A

cholecystokinin

Phase 1 (5 decks)

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