Christmas Mock SAQ Flashcards
Hyponatraemia is a lack of which ion?
Sodium
What is a method of genetic testing in pregnancy?
Chorionic villus sampling
Amniocentesis
Define penetrance?
proportion of people with a gene who show the expected phenotype
Where is the foramen oval located?
between the right and left atrium
Where does haemotopoiesis occur in an adult?
axial bone marrow
Where does haemotopoiesis occur in a foetus?
Yolk sac
liver
spleen
What is the structural difference between foetal and adult haemoglobin?
foetal has 2 alpha, 2 gamma
adult has 2 alpha, 2 beta
What is haematocrit?
ratio of red blood cells to blood volume
Why does haematocrit not change following trauma in which a lot of blood is lost?
losing same amount so ratio does not change
Define FEV1?
forced expiratory volume in 1st second of expiration
Define FVC?
forced vital capacity, represents volume of air forcefully expired
Name a method that can be used to measure total lung capacity?
gas dilution
FVC below 80% of predicted is a sign of what?
airway restriction
What are 2 effects of ageing on lung function?
decrease in respiratory muscle mass
loss of elastic recoil
What type of prevention is smoking cessation with regards to lung cancer?
primary
