Christianity - Pope John XXIII

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

• Born Nov 1881 as Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli in the
  Lombardy region of Italy
• Became a priest in 1905 as a secretary to the Bishop
  Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi
• On Radini-Tedeschi’s death he told Roncalli to “pray
  for peace”
• During WW2 Roncalli made efforts to shelter
  refugees from the holocaust
• In 1944 Roncalli played an active role in gathering
  support for the establishment of Israel
• Roncalli was elected to the position of Pope in
  October 1958
• As Pope Roncalli was instrumental in reforming the
  Catholic church through the Vatican II and his work
  repairing interreligious relations

Question 2

General reforms

Answer 2

• He stopped bishops from interfering with local
  elections calling for a secular approach
• Expanded and internationalised the cardinals to 85
  and appointed cardinals from Africa, Japan, and the
  Philippines
• “We were all made in God’s image, and thus, we are
  all Godly alike.” – reflecting his view that all are equal
  regardless of religion
• Emphasised the church’s pastoral role
• In international affairs, his “Ostpolitik” engaged in
  dialogue with the Communist countries of Eastern
  Europe. He worked to reconcile the Vatican with the
  Russian Orthodox Church to settle tensions between
  the local churches
• Strengthened relationships between Christianity,
  Islam, and Judaism

Question 3

Vatican II

Answer 3

• Called for an ecumenical council fewer than 90
  years after the first Vatican council
• This council called for greater emphasis on
  ecumenism (relationship between the Christian
  denominations as well as a revised liturgy
• This council continued on after The Popes death
  however he was the originator as well as
  instrumental to its policies
• Mater et Magistra (1961) (Latin for Mother and
  teacher) – taught that the state must intervene in
  health care, education, and housing to ensure a just
  distribution of wealth and that the common good is
  maintained
• Pacem in Terris (1963) (Latin for peace on earth) –
  written as a direct response to the Cuban missile
  crisis, the first time a papal encyclical was not
  written to just Catholics but to everyone (“all men of
  Goodwill”)

Question 4

Conclusion

Answer 4

MAKE IT TA FUCK UP