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anat > chpt 8: lower limb + foot > Flashcards

chpt 8: lower limb + foot Flashcards

1
Q

total number of bones in the lower limb per one side

A

32

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2
Q

what structures are included in the lower limb per one side

A
  • pelvic girdle (1 bones)
  • femur (1)
  • tibia (1)
  • fibula (1)
  • tarsals (8)
  • metatarsal (5)
  • phalanges (14)
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3
Q

which bone is the longest, heaviest, strongest long bone

A

femur

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4
Q

function of femur

A

entire body weight is transferred here

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5
Q

function of lesser and greater trochanter

A

serve as attachment points for thigh, hip

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6
Q

fovea capitis location

A

head of femur

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7
Q

which proximal femur structure secures head to hip joint

A

fovea capitis

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8
Q

head of femur function

A

articulates with acetabulum of hip bone to form hip joint

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9
Q

which femur structure is susceptible to breaking during falls

A

neck

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10
Q

where do ischium muscles insert

A

body/ shaft

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11
Q

where does the patellar articulate

A

patellar surface on femur

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12
Q

location of patellar surface location

A

anterior, distal femur

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13
Q

function of lateral and medial epicondyle

A

attachment for ligaments of knee

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14
Q

location of adductor tubercle

A

distal, ant, femur

- superior to the condyles

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15
Q

adductor magnus muscles attachment location

A

adductor tubercle

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16
Q

what femur structure articulates with the lateral and medial condyle structures of the tibia and the patella apex

A

lateral and medial condyle of femur

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17
Q

what structures indicate the post side of the femur

A
  • gluteal tuberosity
  • linea aspera
  • intercondylar fossa
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18
Q

what muscles attach to the gluteal tuberosity

A
  • hip

- thigh muscles coming from lumbar or pelvis

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19
Q

what type of bone is the patella

A

sesamoid bone

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20
Q

function of patella

A
  • increase leverage of quads to maintain flexed position

- protect knee

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21
Q

what structures of the femur do the articular surfaces of the patella articulate with

A

medial and later condyle

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22
Q

where does the femur rest on the tibia

A

intercondylar eminence

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23
Q

function of tibial tuberosity

A
  • attachment for patellar ligaments

- common insertion for vactus high muscles

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24
Q

what does the lateral condyle of the tibia articulate with

A
  • lateral condyle of femur

- head of fibula

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25
Q

which bone of the lower limb is the most fractures and is the 2nd largest bone

A

tibia

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26
Q

tibia is aka

A

shin bone

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27
Q

medial malleolus location

A
  • distal, ant, tibia
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28
Q

medial malleolus articulates with

A

talus

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29
Q

what structure of the tibia is the one that you can feel

A

medial malleolus

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30
Q

location of fibular notch

A

post tibia

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31
Q

which fibula structure articulates with the talus

A

lateral malleolus

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32
Q

function of fibula

A
  • stabilize ankle

- doesn’t articulate w femur

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33
Q

name of tarsals

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • navicular
  • 3 cuneiforms ( medial, intermediate, lateral)
  • cuboid
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34
Q

tarsus =

A

ankle

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35
Q

what tarsal articulates with the tibia and fibula

A

talus

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36
Q

calcaneus aka heel structure

A
  • largest and strongest
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37
Q

what tarsal articulates with every tarsal except for the calcaneus

A

navicular

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38
Q

medial (1rst) cuneiform articulates with

A
  • first metatarsal
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39
Q

what tarsal articulates with metatarsal 2

A

intermediate (2nd) cuneiform

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40
Q

lateral (3rd) cuneiform articulates with

A

metatarsal 3

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41
Q

what tarsal articulates with the 4th and 5th metatarsal

A

cuboid

42
Q

metatarsal structure

A

base
shaft
head

43
Q

toe metatarsal =

A

1 and medial

44
Q

5 and lateral metatarsal is

A

the pinky toe metatarsal

45
Q

hallux =

A

big toe with 2 bones

46
Q

anterior extensor/ quadriceps femoris muscles =

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vactus lateralis
  • vactus medalis
  • vactus intermedius
47
Q

tibial tuberosity is the ___ of anterior extensor/ quadriceps femoris muscles

A

common insertion

48
Q

what is the common function of anterior extensor/ quadriceps femoris muscles

A
  • extend leg at knee joint

- flexes thigh at hip

49
Q

rectus femoris origin

A

ant inferior iliac spine

50
Q

greater trochanter and linea aspera is the origin of

A

vactus lateralis

51
Q

vactus medalis origin

A

linea aspera

52
Q

ant and lat surface of body of femur is the origin for

A

vactus intermedius

53
Q
  • biceps femoris
  • semimembranosus
    -semitendinous
    belong to
A

posterior flexor muscles / hamstrings

54
Q

what is the common origin of the posterior flexor muscles / hamstrings

A

ischial tuberosity

55
Q

origin of biceps femoris

A
  • ischial tuberosity

- linea aspera of femur

56
Q

head of fibula and lateral condyle of the the tibia is __ for ___

A

insertion for biceps femoris

57
Q

semimembranous insertion

A

medial condyle of tibia

58
Q

shaft of tibia is the insertion for which muscle

A

semitendinous muscles of hamstring

59
Q

function of posterior flexor/ hamstring muscles

A
  • flex leg at knee joint

- extent high at hip

60
Q

Medial Femoris muscle name

A
  • gracilis
61
Q

origin of gracilis

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

62
Q

medial surface of body of tibia is the

___ for ___ muscle

A

insertion for gracilis

63
Q

function of gracilis

A
  • rotate thigh medially
  • adduct thigh at hip joint
  • flexes leg at knee
64
Q

Leg muscles: Anterior names

A
  • extensor hallicus longus
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensors digiotrium longus
65
Q

which anterior leg muscle is responsible for extending big toe and dorsiflexion foot at ankle

A

extensor hallicus longus

66
Q

tibalis anterior function

A
  • dorsiflex and invert foot
67
Q

which anterior muscle extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes foot at ankle

A

extensor digitorium longus

68
Q

common function of anterior leg muscles is

A

extend toes and doors flex foot

69
Q

tibularis longus and brevis are part of

A

lateral muscles of the leg

70
Q
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantris
    are muscles of
A

posterior superifical muscles of the leg

71
Q

what are the posterior deep muscles of the legs

A
  • flexor digitorium longus
  • flexor hallus longus
  • tibalis posterior
  • poplileus
72
Q

what is the common function of the posterior superficial leg muscles

A
  • flex leg at knee

- plantar flex

73
Q

flexing the foot, plantar flexion, inverting the foot is the function of

A

deep posterior leg muscles

74
Q

function of popliteus

A
  • flex leg

- medially rotate tibia to unlock knee

75
Q

what is the sacral plexus formed by

A

anterior ramus of spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1-S4

76
Q

location of sacral plexuses

A

anterior to sacrum

77
Q

where does the sciatic nerve emerge from

A

sacral plexus

78
Q

what nerve emerges from the small coccygeal plexus

A

coccygeal nerve

79
Q

what structures does the sacral plexus innervates

A
  • lower limbs
  • pelvis
  • perineum
  • post surface of thigh and leg
  • dorsum and plantar of foot
80
Q

what is the biggest nerve in the body

A

sciatic nerve

81
Q
  • superior and inferior gluteal regions
  • post femoral cutaneous ( hamstrings and adductor Magnus)
  • pudendal regions
    are innervated by
A

the sciatic nerve

82
Q

what regions are in the pudendal region

A
  • skin of scrotum
  • clitoris
  • labia major and minor
  • vagina
83
Q

what region helps with arousal

A

organs in the pudendal region

84
Q

common fib nerve innervations

A
  • ant and lateral leg

- dorsum nerve

85
Q

what two nerves are a division of the sciatic nerve

A
  • common fibular nerve

- tibial nerve

86
Q
  • superficial gluteal nerve
  • inferior gluteal nerve
  • nerves to pririformis
  • nerves to pudenal
    are branches of
A

the common fib nerve

87
Q

origin of the tibial nerve

A

L4- S3

88
Q
  • gastronchemius
  • plantaris
  • popilteus
  • tibial post
  • flexor digitorium and hallicus longus

are inveterate by

A

tibial nerve

89
Q

arterial blood flow to lower limbs

A

abdominal aorta -> internal iliac artery -> external iliac artery -> femoral artery -> popliteal artery -> ant and post tibial arteries -> fibular/ peroneal artery

90
Q

arterial blood flow that leads blood to digital arteries

A

fibular/ personal artery -> dorsalis pedis -> digital parties (dorsal and plantar)

91
Q

arterial blood flow to lower limbs (post foot)

A

fibular/ personal artery -> plantar arch

92
Q

venous blood flow of lower limbs

A

ant and post. tibial -> popliteal vein -> deep femoral vein -> great and small saphenous veins -> femoral vein -> external iliac ( sacroiliac joint) -> internal iliac vein -> common iliac vein -> inferior vena cava -> heart

93
Q

what structures does the interal iliac artery supply blood to

A
  • pelvic organs
  • pelican muscle wall
  • butt
  • external genitals
94
Q

which artery supplies blood do the lower abdominal muscles, cremaster muscles (males), lower limb and round ligament of uterus

A

external iliac artery

95
Q

what muscles does the common fibular nerve innervate

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longs and brevis
96
Q

location of coccygeal plexus

A

S4-S5

97
Q

location of lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4

98
Q

Location of sacral plexus

A

L4 - S5

99
Q

adductor magnus function

A

adduct, rotate, extend thigh

100
Q

which muscles perform an abducting motion

A
  • sartiorus
  • tensor fasciate latate
  • gluteus mediums and minmus

anat (5 decks)

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