chpt 8: lower limb + foot Flashcards
1
Q
total number of bones in the lower limb per one side
A
32
2
Q
what structures are included in the lower limb per one side
A
- pelvic girdle (1 bones)
- femur (1)
- tibia (1)
- fibula (1)
- tarsals (8)
- metatarsal (5)
- phalanges (14)
3
Q
which bone is the longest, heaviest, strongest long bone
A
femur
4
Q
function of femur
A
entire body weight is transferred here
5
Q
function of lesser and greater trochanter
A
serve as attachment points for thigh, hip
6
Q
fovea capitis location
A
head of femur
7
Q
which proximal femur structure secures head to hip joint
A
fovea capitis
8
Q
head of femur function
A
articulates with acetabulum of hip bone to form hip joint
9
Q
which femur structure is susceptible to breaking during falls
A
neck
10
Q
where do ischium muscles insert
A
body/ shaft
11
Q
where does the patellar articulate
A
patellar surface on femur
12
Q
location of patellar surface location
A
anterior, distal femur
13
Q
function of lateral and medial epicondyle
A
attachment for ligaments of knee
14
Q
location of adductor tubercle
A
distal, ant, femur
- superior to the condyles
15
Q
adductor magnus muscles attachment location
A
adductor tubercle
16
Q
what femur structure articulates with the lateral and medial condyle structures of the tibia and the patella apex
A
lateral and medial condyle of femur
17
Q
what structures indicate the post side of the femur
A
- gluteal tuberosity
- linea aspera
- intercondylar fossa
18
Q
what muscles attach to the gluteal tuberosity
A
- hip
- thigh muscles coming from lumbar or pelvis
19
Q
what type of bone is the patella
A
sesamoid bone
20
Q
function of patella
A
- increase leverage of quads to maintain flexed position
- protect knee
21
Q
what structures of the femur do the articular surfaces of the patella articulate with
A
medial and later condyle
22
Q
where does the femur rest on the tibia
A
intercondylar eminence
23
Q
function of tibial tuberosity
A
- attachment for patellar ligaments
- common insertion for vactus high muscles
24
Q
what does the lateral condyle of the tibia articulate with
A
- lateral condyle of femur
- head of fibula
25
which bone of the lower limb is the most fractures and is the 2nd largest bone
tibia
26
tibia is aka
shin bone
27
medial malleolus location
- distal, ant, tibia
28
medial malleolus articulates with
talus
29
what structure of the tibia is the one that you can feel
medial malleolus
30
location of fibular notch
post tibia
31
which fibula structure articulates with the talus
lateral malleolus
32
function of fibula
- stabilize ankle
| - doesn't articulate w femur
33
name of tarsals
- talus
- calcaneus
- navicular
- 3 cuneiforms ( medial, intermediate, lateral)
- cuboid
34
tarsus =
ankle
35
what tarsal articulates with the tibia and fibula
talus
36
calcaneus aka heel structure
- largest and strongest
37
what tarsal articulates with every tarsal except for the calcaneus
navicular
38
medial (1rst) cuneiform articulates with
- first metatarsal
39
what tarsal articulates with metatarsal 2
intermediate (2nd) cuneiform
40
lateral (3rd) cuneiform articulates with
metatarsal 3
41
what tarsal articulates with the 4th and 5th metatarsal
cuboid
42
metatarsal structure
base
shaft
head
43
toe metatarsal =
1 and medial
44
5 and lateral metatarsal is
the pinky toe metatarsal
45
hallux =
big toe with 2 bones
46
anterior extensor/ quadriceps femoris muscles =
- rectus femoris
- vactus lateralis
- vactus medalis
- vactus intermedius
47
tibial tuberosity is the ___ of anterior extensor/ quadriceps femoris muscles
common insertion
48
what is the common function of anterior extensor/ quadriceps femoris muscles
- extend leg at knee joint
| - flexes thigh at hip
49
rectus femoris origin
ant inferior iliac spine
50
greater trochanter and linea aspera is the origin of
vactus lateralis
51
vactus medalis origin
linea aspera
52
ant and lat surface of body of femur is the origin for
vactus intermedius
53
- biceps femoris
- semimembranosus
-semitendinous
belong to
posterior flexor muscles / hamstrings
54
what is the common origin of the posterior flexor muscles / hamstrings
ischial tuberosity
55
origin of biceps femoris
- ischial tuberosity
| - linea aspera of femur
56
head of fibula and lateral condyle of the the tibia is __ for ___
insertion for biceps femoris
57
semimembranous insertion
medial condyle of tibia
58
shaft of tibia is the insertion for which muscle
semitendinous muscles of hamstring
59
function of posterior flexor/ hamstring muscles
- flex leg at knee joint
| - extent high at hip
60
Medial Femoris muscle name
- gracilis
61
origin of gracilis
body and inferior ramus of pubis
62
medial surface of body of tibia is the
| ___ for ___ muscle
insertion for gracilis
63
function of gracilis
- rotate thigh medially
- adduct thigh at hip joint
- flexes leg at knee
64
Leg muscles: Anterior names
- extensor hallicus longus
- tibialis anterior
- extensors digiotrium longus
65
which anterior leg muscle is responsible for extending big toe and dorsiflexion foot at ankle
extensor hallicus longus
66
tibalis anterior function
- dorsiflex and invert foot
67
which anterior muscle extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes foot at ankle
extensor digitorium longus
68
common function of anterior leg muscles is
extend toes and doors flex foot
69
tibularis longus and brevis are part of
lateral muscles of the leg
70
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantris
are muscles of
posterior superifical muscles of the leg
71
what are the posterior deep muscles of the legs
- flexor digitorium longus
- flexor hallus longus
- tibalis posterior
- poplileus
72
what is the common function of the posterior superficial leg muscles
- flex leg at knee
| - plantar flex
73
flexing the foot, plantar flexion, inverting the foot is the function of
deep posterior leg muscles
74
function of popliteus
- flex leg
| - medially rotate tibia to unlock knee
75
what is the sacral plexus formed by
anterior ramus of spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1-S4
76
location of sacral plexuses
anterior to sacrum
77
where does the sciatic nerve emerge from
sacral plexus
78
what nerve emerges from the small coccygeal plexus
coccygeal nerve
79
what structures does the sacral plexus innervates
- lower limbs
- pelvis
- perineum
- post surface of thigh and leg
- dorsum and plantar of foot
80
what is the biggest nerve in the body
sciatic nerve
81
- superior and inferior gluteal regions
- post femoral cutaneous ( hamstrings and adductor Magnus)
- pudendal regions
are innervated by
the sciatic nerve
82
what regions are in the pudendal region
- skin of scrotum
- clitoris
- labia major and minor
- vagina
83
what region helps with arousal
organs in the pudendal region
84
common fib nerve innervations
- ant and lateral leg
| - dorsum nerve
85
what two nerves are a division of the sciatic nerve
- common fibular nerve
| - tibial nerve
86
- superficial gluteal nerve
- inferior gluteal nerve
- nerves to pririformis
- nerves to pudenal
are branches of
the common fib nerve
87
origin of the tibial nerve
L4- S3
88
- gastronchemius
- plantaris
- popilteus
- tibial post
- flexor digitorium and hallicus longus
are inveterate by
tibial nerve
89
arterial blood flow to lower limbs
abdominal aorta -> internal iliac artery -> external iliac artery -> femoral artery -> popliteal artery -> ant and post tibial arteries -> fibular/ peroneal artery
90
arterial blood flow that leads blood to digital arteries
fibular/ personal artery -> dorsalis pedis -> digital parties (dorsal and plantar)
91
arterial blood flow to lower limbs (post foot)
fibular/ personal artery -> plantar arch
92
venous blood flow of lower limbs
ant and post. tibial -> popliteal vein -> deep femoral vein -> great and small saphenous veins -> femoral vein -> external iliac ( sacroiliac joint) -> internal iliac vein -> common iliac vein -> inferior vena cava -> heart
93
what structures does the interal iliac artery supply blood to
- pelvic organs
- pelican muscle wall
- butt
- external genitals
94
which artery supplies blood do the lower abdominal muscles, cremaster muscles (males), lower limb and round ligament of uterus
external iliac artery
95
what muscles does the common fibular nerve innervate
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longs and brevis
96
location of coccygeal plexus
S4-S5
97
location of lumbar plexus
L1-L4
98
Location of sacral plexus
L4 - S5
99
adductor magnus function
adduct, rotate, extend thigh
100
which muscles perform an abducting motion
- sartiorus
- tensor fasciate latate
- gluteus mediums and minmus
