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anat > chpt 24: digestive system > Flashcards

chpt 24: digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

overall function of the digestive system

A

breakdown nutrients so enzymes, growth, cell division, repair and heat can take place

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2
Q

in depth functions of the digestive system

A
  • ingestion
  • secretion
  • mixing and propulsion (Molitiy)
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • defecation
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3
Q

what is the secretion function of the digestive sys

A

secrete acids, water, buffers, enzymes

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4
Q

how Many liters of secretion does the digestive system secrete

A

7 L

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5
Q

function of enterendocrine cells

A
  • secrets enzymes and hormones
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6
Q

what are the organs G1 or digestive canal

A
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestines
  • large intestines
  • anal canal
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7
Q

the accessory digestive organs

A
  • mouth
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
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8
Q

are the accessory digestive organs involved in secertions

A

no, they aid

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9
Q

peritoneum function

A
  • covers and protects organs (visceral)

- covers cavity (partial)

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10
Q

what are the folds to each other and to other organs of digestive system called

A
  • peritoneum
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11
Q

names of peritoneum folds

A
  • greater omentum
  • falciform ligament
  • lesser omentum
  • mesentery
  • mesicolon
  • retroperitoneal organs
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12
Q

which is the longest peritoneum fold

A
  • greater omentum
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13
Q

location of greater omentum

A
  • drapes over transverse colon
  • coils s.i (like a fatty apron)

(beer belly)

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14
Q

which peritoneum fold/ ligament attaches the liver to ant abdominal wall and diaphragm

A
  • falciform ligament
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15
Q

lesser omentum location/ organs near by

A
  • suspends the stomachs and duodenum from liver
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16
Q

which peritoneum fold binds the jejunum and ileum (s.i) to post abdominal wall

A

mesentery

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17
Q

mesicolon location/ organ / function

A
  • binds the transverse the colon and sigmoid colon (s.i) to post abdominal wall
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18
Q

which organs are part of the retroperitoneal organs

A
  • ascending and deciding colon
  • duodenum
  • pancreas
  • kidneys
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19
Q

layers of the GI tract

A
  • mucosa
  • submuscosa
  • muscularis
  • serosa
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20
Q

which is the innermost lining/ forms the lumen of the GI tract

A
  • mucosa
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21
Q

structures/ cells in the mucosa layer

A
  • epithelial cells
  • lamina propia (MALT)
  • muscualris mucosa
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22
Q

epithelial cells functions

A
  • absorbs nutrients

- contain enteroendocrine cells

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23
Q

which mucosa structure contains mucosa- associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

A

lamina propia

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24
Q

what structures does the lamina propria contain

A
  • MALT

- areolar CT, bv, lymphatic vessel

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25
Q

function of MALT

A
  • immune response

- supports epithelial (superior) and muscualris mucosa (inferior)

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26
Q

structures in the submucosa

A
  • collagenous fibers
  • nerves (sym and para sym)
  • bv
  • submucosal plexuses / plexuses of messiner (portion of ENS)
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27
Q

which layer of the GI tract is highly vascular

A

submuscosa

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28
Q

function of submucosal plexuses / plexuses of messiner (portion of ENS)

A
  • regulates activity of mucosa (secretion + increases and decrease surface sa)
  • hormones from epithelium
  • vasoconstriction of bv
  • innervates secretory cells of mucosal glands
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29
Q

which GI tract layer increases the diameter and can store 5L of worth of food (increases capacity of stomach)

A

Muscularis

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30
Q

location myenteric plexuses/ plexus of aurebach

A
  • muscularis
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31
Q

what muscularis plexus is responsible for controls GI tract molilty/ movement

A

myenteric plexuses/ plexus of aurebach

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32
Q

serosa is the ___ structure of the GI tract

A

outermost and is suspended in abdominal cavity

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33
Q

type of cell is the serosa made of

A

mesothelium ( secrets mucous)

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34
Q

function of serosa

A
  • secrete a serous fluid
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35
Q

which GI tract has a epithelium portion/ visceral pertioneum that lubricates and prevent friction

A

serosa

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36
Q

muscularis mucosa functions

A
  • smooth muscles fibers to increase surface area

- controls diameter of lumen

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37
Q

which GI tract layer has circular muscles and longitude muscles

A
  • muscularis
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38
Q

teeth aka dentes structures

A
  • enamel
  • dentin
  • dentinal tubule
  • pulp cavity
  • cement
  • root canal
  • periodontal ligament
  • apical formamen
  • crown
  • neck
  • roots
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39
Q

crown is

A

the exposed

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40
Q

what is the completely embedded structure of the teeth

A

root

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41
Q

what is the 2nd hardest CT

A

enamel

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42
Q

enamel funciton

A
  • protects the tooth from wear and tear
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43
Q

what structure makes up the majority of the tooth (tiny channels)

A

dentin

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44
Q

dentinal tubule function

A
  • secrets stuff
45
Q

which tooth structure contains dental pulp (connective tissue containing nerves and bv)

A
  • pulp cavity
46
Q

cement function

A
  • attaches the root to the periodontal ligaments
47
Q

what is an extension of pulp cavity that contains nerves and bv

A

root canal

48
Q

periodontal ligament function

A

helps anchor tooth to underlying bones

- makes the gomphosis joint

49
Q

what is an opening at the base of root canal called

A

apical foramen

50
Q

function of stomach

A
  • mixing area
  • hold food
  • digestion
  • secrete gastric juices
  • secrete hormones ( pepsin, gastic lipase, pancreatic lipase)
51
Q

function of pepsin

A
  • protein digesting enzyme
52
Q

which enzyme is responsible for digesting triglyceride

A

gastric lipase

53
Q

pancreatic lipase function

A

fat digesting enzyme

54
Q

what are 4 regions of the stomach

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pyloric part
55
Q

cardia structure

A
  • initial part of stomach where the esophagus enters
56
Q

which region of the stomach is for food storage

A

fundus

57
Q

body of stomach function

A
  • mixing
58
Q

regions of the pyloric part

A
  • pyloric antrum
  • pyloric canals
  • pylorus
  • pyloric sphincter
59
Q

function of pyloric sphincter

A
  • regulates things into duodenum
60
Q

where is food mixed in the pyloric part of the stomach

A
  • pyloric antrum , connects to body of stomach
61
Q

pylorus function

A
  • connects duodenmun

- regulates enter of chyle

62
Q

stomach secretions

A
  • surface mucous cells
  • mucous neck cells
  • parietal cell
  • chief cells aka zymogenic
  • g cell
63
Q

what endocrine cell secrets gastrin and controls muscle activity for mixing food

A

g cell

64
Q

function of surface and mucous cells

A
  • secrets mucous

- help protect against gastic juices

65
Q
  • what endocrine cell secrets HCL + has intrinsic factor ( for amino acids)
A

parietal cell

66
Q

chief cell aka zymogenic function

A
  • secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase
67
Q

pancreatic amylase function

A
  • digests enzymes
68
Q

what pancreas enzymes digest proteins

A
  • trypsin
  • chymotrypsin
  • carboxypeptidase
  • elaste
69
Q

which duct joins the common bile duct from liver and gall bladder to secrete into the pancreas

A

pancreatic duct (duct wirsung)

70
Q

hepatopancreatioc amuplla structure

A
  • dilated common duct
71
Q

function of accessory duct/ duct of Santorini

A

smaller duct

- leads from pancreas and empties into duodenum

72
Q

function of gall bladder

A

stores biles

73
Q

name of function unit of liver that produces bile

A

hepatocytes

74
Q

function and structure of hepatic laminae

A
  • spread work of hepatocytes
  • surrounded by hepatic veins
  • drain deoxy blood
75
Q

what are the small ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile

A

bile canacliculi

76
Q

movement of bile

A

bile canaliculi -> bile ductules -> bile ducts -> hepatic ducts -> common hepatic duct -> cystic duct -> bile duct -> duodenum

77
Q

what does the bile duct merge to form

A

hepatic ducts

78
Q

location of common hepatic duct q

A

outside liver

79
Q

common hepatic duct + cystic duct from gall bladder =

A

bile duct

80
Q

hepatic sinusoid function, structure and location

A
  • highly permeable blood capillaries b/w hepatic laminae

- converge and deliver blood to central vein

81
Q

bile duct + branch of hepatic artery + branch of hepatic portal vein =

A

portal triad

82
Q

what type of cells are the stellate reticuloendothelial cells

A

macrophages in liver

83
Q

S. I function

A

complete digestion and absorption

84
Q

function of absorptive cells of epithelium

A

digest and absorb nutrients in si

85
Q

which cells of the si secrete mucous for protection

A
  • goblet cells
86
Q

muscosa cells of si are lined with

A

glandular epithelium

87
Q

function of intestinal gland ( crypts of lieberkuhn) cells

A

secrete interstinal juices

88
Q

which si cells secrete lysosomes for phagocytosis

A

paneth cells

89
Q

what do enteroendocrine cells secrete

A

secretin, cholecystokinin or GIP

90
Q

what cells are located in the mucosa of the SI

A
  • enterendocrine cells WHICH SECERTE
  • s cells
  • cck cells
  • k cells
91
Q

function of s cells

A

secrete secretine

92
Q

which cells secrete cholecystokinin

A

cck cells

93
Q

K cells secretion

A

GIP

94
Q

parts of the si

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

95
Q

what si structure has groups of lymphatic aggregate lymphatic follies aka peters patches

A
  • ileum
96
Q

what structure of the submucosa of si secrets alkaline mucous that helps neutralize acids from the stomach

A
  • duodenal brunines gland
97
Q

function of larger I

A
  • haustral churning: contractions and squeezing the contents

- peristalsis (slow wave of contraction)

98
Q

what are the 4 regions of the LI

A
  • cecum (meets the ilium)
  • colon
  • rectum
  • canal
99
Q

function of absorptive cells in large I

A

absorb water

100
Q

which cells secrete mucous that lubrcates the canal in the large intestine

A

goblet cells

101
Q

what is rugae

A

Muscular folds within the stomach

102
Q

greater curvature location

A

superior fundus to plyrois

103
Q

lesses curvature location

A

b/w cardia and plyorus

104
Q

what is the pyloric Antrim a part of

A

mixing area / body of stomach

105
Q

pyloric canal function

A

directs chyme to pyloric

106
Q

which large intestine is the appendix attached to

A

cecum

107
Q

function of mesoappendix

A

attach appendix to inferior part of the mesentery of ileum

108
Q

function of intestinal juice

A

secreted by si to provide a vehicle for absorption of substances from chyme

anat (5 decks)

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