chpt 24: digestive system Flashcards
overall function of the digestive system
breakdown nutrients so enzymes, growth, cell division, repair and heat can take place
in depth functions of the digestive system
- ingestion
- secretion
- mixing and propulsion (Molitiy)
- digestion
- absorption
- defecation
what is the secretion function of the digestive sys
secrete acids, water, buffers, enzymes
how Many liters of secretion does the digestive system secrete
7 L
function of enterendocrine cells
- secrets enzymes and hormones
what are the organs G1 or digestive canal
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestines
- large intestines
- anal canal
the accessory digestive organs
- mouth
- teeth
- tongue
- salivary glands
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
are the accessory digestive organs involved in secertions
no, they aid
peritoneum function
- covers and protects organs (visceral)
- covers cavity (partial)
what are the folds to each other and to other organs of digestive system called
- peritoneum
names of peritoneum folds
- greater omentum
- falciform ligament
- lesser omentum
- mesentery
- mesicolon
- retroperitoneal organs
which is the longest peritoneum fold
- greater omentum
location of greater omentum
- drapes over transverse colon
- coils s.i (like a fatty apron)
(beer belly)
which peritoneum fold/ ligament attaches the liver to ant abdominal wall and diaphragm
- falciform ligament
lesser omentum location/ organs near by
- suspends the stomachs and duodenum from liver
which peritoneum fold binds the jejunum and ileum (s.i) to post abdominal wall
mesentery
mesicolon location/ organ / function
- binds the transverse the colon and sigmoid colon (s.i) to post abdominal wall
which organs are part of the retroperitoneal organs
- ascending and deciding colon
- duodenum
- pancreas
- kidneys
layers of the GI tract
- mucosa
- submuscosa
- muscularis
- serosa
which is the innermost lining/ forms the lumen of the GI tract
- mucosa
structures/ cells in the mucosa layer
- epithelial cells
- lamina propia (MALT)
- muscualris mucosa
epithelial cells functions
- absorbs nutrients
- contain enteroendocrine cells
which mucosa structure contains mucosa- associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
lamina propia
what structures does the lamina propria contain
- MALT
- areolar CT, bv, lymphatic vessel
function of MALT
- immune response
- supports epithelial (superior) and muscualris mucosa (inferior)
structures in the submucosa
- collagenous fibers
- nerves (sym and para sym)
- bv
- submucosal plexuses / plexuses of messiner (portion of ENS)
which layer of the GI tract is highly vascular
submuscosa
function of submucosal plexuses / plexuses of messiner (portion of ENS)
- regulates activity of mucosa (secretion + increases and decrease surface sa)
- hormones from epithelium
- vasoconstriction of bv
- innervates secretory cells of mucosal glands
which GI tract layer increases the diameter and can store 5L of worth of food (increases capacity of stomach)
Muscularis
location myenteric plexuses/ plexus of aurebach
- muscularis
what muscularis plexus is responsible for controls GI tract molilty/ movement
myenteric plexuses/ plexus of aurebach
serosa is the ___ structure of the GI tract
outermost and is suspended in abdominal cavity
type of cell is the serosa made of
mesothelium ( secrets mucous)
function of serosa
- secrete a serous fluid
which GI tract has a epithelium portion/ visceral pertioneum that lubricates and prevent friction
serosa
muscularis mucosa functions
- smooth muscles fibers to increase surface area
- controls diameter of lumen
which GI tract layer has circular muscles and longitude muscles
- muscularis
teeth aka dentes structures
- enamel
- dentin
- dentinal tubule
- pulp cavity
- cement
- root canal
- periodontal ligament
- apical formamen
- crown
- neck
- roots
crown is
the exposed
what is the completely embedded structure of the teeth
root
what is the 2nd hardest CT
enamel
enamel funciton
- protects the tooth from wear and tear
what structure makes up the majority of the tooth (tiny channels)
dentin
dentinal tubule function
- secrets stuff
which tooth structure contains dental pulp (connective tissue containing nerves and bv)
- pulp cavity
cement function
- attaches the root to the periodontal ligaments
what is an extension of pulp cavity that contains nerves and bv
root canal
periodontal ligament function
helps anchor tooth to underlying bones
- makes the gomphosis joint
what is an opening at the base of root canal called
apical foramen
function of stomach
- mixing area
- hold food
- digestion
- secrete gastric juices
- secrete hormones ( pepsin, gastic lipase, pancreatic lipase)
function of pepsin
- protein digesting enzyme
which enzyme is responsible for digesting triglyceride
gastric lipase
pancreatic lipase function
fat digesting enzyme
what are 4 regions of the stomach
- cardia
- fundus
- body
- pyloric part
cardia structure
- initial part of stomach where the esophagus enters
which region of the stomach is for food storage
fundus
body of stomach function
- mixing
regions of the pyloric part
- pyloric antrum
- pyloric canals
- pylorus
- pyloric sphincter
function of pyloric sphincter
- regulates things into duodenum
where is food mixed in the pyloric part of the stomach
- pyloric antrum , connects to body of stomach
pylorus function
- connects duodenmun
- regulates enter of chyle
stomach secretions
- surface mucous cells
- mucous neck cells
- parietal cell
- chief cells aka zymogenic
- g cell
what endocrine cell secrets gastrin and controls muscle activity for mixing food
g cell
function of surface and mucous cells
- secrets mucous
- help protect against gastic juices
- what endocrine cell secrets HCL + has intrinsic factor ( for amino acids)
parietal cell
chief cell aka zymogenic function
- secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase
pancreatic amylase function
- digests enzymes
what pancreas enzymes digest proteins
- trypsin
- chymotrypsin
- carboxypeptidase
- elaste
which duct joins the common bile duct from liver and gall bladder to secrete into the pancreas
pancreatic duct (duct wirsung)
hepatopancreatioc amuplla structure
- dilated common duct
function of accessory duct/ duct of Santorini
smaller duct
- leads from pancreas and empties into duodenum
function of gall bladder
stores biles
name of function unit of liver that produces bile
hepatocytes
function and structure of hepatic laminae
- spread work of hepatocytes
- surrounded by hepatic veins
- drain deoxy blood
what are the small ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile
bile canacliculi
movement of bile
bile canaliculi -> bile ductules -> bile ducts -> hepatic ducts -> common hepatic duct -> cystic duct -> bile duct -> duodenum
what does the bile duct merge to form
hepatic ducts
location of common hepatic duct q
outside liver
common hepatic duct + cystic duct from gall bladder =
bile duct
hepatic sinusoid function, structure and location
- highly permeable blood capillaries b/w hepatic laminae
- converge and deliver blood to central vein
bile duct + branch of hepatic artery + branch of hepatic portal vein =
portal triad
what type of cells are the stellate reticuloendothelial cells
macrophages in liver
S. I function
complete digestion and absorption
function of absorptive cells of epithelium
digest and absorb nutrients in si
which cells of the si secrete mucous for protection
- goblet cells
muscosa cells of si are lined with
glandular epithelium
function of intestinal gland ( crypts of lieberkuhn) cells
secrete interstinal juices
which si cells secrete lysosomes for phagocytosis
paneth cells
what do enteroendocrine cells secrete
secretin, cholecystokinin or GIP
what cells are located in the mucosa of the SI
- enterendocrine cells WHICH SECERTE
- s cells
- cck cells
- k cells
function of s cells
secrete secretine
which cells secrete cholecystokinin
cck cells
K cells secretion
GIP
parts of the si
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
what si structure has groups of lymphatic aggregate lymphatic follies aka peters patches
- ileum
what structure of the submucosa of si secrets alkaline mucous that helps neutralize acids from the stomach
- duodenal brunines gland
function of larger I
- haustral churning: contractions and squeezing the contents
- peristalsis (slow wave of contraction)
what are the 4 regions of the LI
- cecum (meets the ilium)
- colon
- rectum
- canal
function of absorptive cells in large I
absorb water
which cells secrete mucous that lubrcates the canal in the large intestine
goblet cells
what is rugae
Muscular folds within the stomach
greater curvature location
superior fundus to plyrois
lesses curvature location
b/w cardia and plyorus
what is the pyloric Antrim a part of
mixing area / body of stomach
pyloric canal function
directs chyme to pyloric
which large intestine is the appendix attached to
cecum
function of mesoappendix
attach appendix to inferior part of the mesentery of ileum
function of intestinal juice
secreted by si to provide a vehicle for absorption of substances from chyme
