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anat > chpt 25: urinary sys > Flashcards

chpt 25: urinary sys Flashcards

1
Q

main function of the uriniary system

A
  • filter BLOOD to make urine
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2
Q

kidney location

A
  • retroperitoneal region

- post abdominal region between T 12 and L3

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3
Q

which kidney is lower and why

A

L cuz liver pushes it down

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4
Q

which ribs partially protect the kidney

A

11 and 12

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5
Q

renal hilum meaning

A

area where ureters, bv, lymphatic vessels and nerves enters the kidney

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6
Q

what structure expands into the renal sinus

A

renal hilum

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7
Q

function renal sinus

A

contains part of renal pelvis, calyces, branches of renal bv and nerves

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8
Q

what is the innermost structure that shapes and acts as a barrier against trauma for the kidney

A

renla capsule

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9
Q

function of the adipose capsule of kidney

A
  • cushion/ protect kidney from trauma

- holds kidney firmly within abdominal cavity

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10
Q

what kidney layer is the outermost and responsible for achoring kidney to abdominal wall

A

renal fasciae

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11
Q

renal cortex is the

A

outermost region of the kidney

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12
Q

what internal kidney structure contains nephrons

A

renal cortex

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13
Q

colour of renal cortex

A
  • light red
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14
Q

nephrons function

A

filter blood

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15
Q

what structure of the kidney contains renal pyramids and renal columns

A
  • renal medulla
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16
Q

what kidney structure is dark red- brown in colour

A

renal medulla

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17
Q

renal pyramids structure

A

base

apex/ narrow end/ renla papilla

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18
Q

what renal pyramid structure faces the renal cortex

A

basw

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19
Q

what does the apex. narrow end/ renal papilla of renal pyramid face

A

renal hilum

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20
Q

what is the name of the portion between the renal cortex and renla pyramids

A

renal coloums

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21
Q

movement of fluid through nephron

A

Bowmans capsule –> proximal convoluted tubule –> descending loop of Henle –> asscending loop –> distal convoluted tubule

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22
Q

what nephron structure drains into the collecting duct

A

distal convualoted tubule

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23
Q

movement of filtrate

A

collecting duct –> papillary ducts –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> Renal cavity –> ureter –> urninary bladder

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24
Q

when/ where does filtrate become urine and cannot be reabsorbed

A

minor calyx

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25
Q

blood flow to kidney

A

renal artery –> segmental artery –> interlobar artery –> arcuate arter –> afferent artery –> glomerulus –> efferent artery –> particular capillary –> vactus recta –> renal vein

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26
Q

where does filtration occur

A
  • glomerulus
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27
Q

structures of a nephron

A

renal tubule

- renal corpuscles

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28
Q

structures in the renal corpuscle

A
  • glomerulus

- glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

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29
Q

what nephron structure is located in the renal cortex

A

renal corpuscle

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30
Q

glomerulus is the

A

network of capillaries

31
Q

what structure surrounds the glomerulus

A

glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

32
Q

function of glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

A

receive filtrate from capillaries

33
Q

structure of glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

A

visceral layer

parietal layer

34
Q

what makes up the inner wall of the glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

A

podocytes

35
Q

function of podocytes

A

filtrate barrier

36
Q

where does the filter fluid pass and is regulated

A

renal tubule

37
Q

what structure takes filtrate from cortex to calyx

A

renal tubule

38
Q

structure of the renal tubule

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of henle
  • distal convoluted tubule
39
Q

location of proximal and distal convulated tubule

A

renal cortex

40
Q

what nephron structure is located in the renal medulla and the cortex

A

loop of henle

41
Q

principle cells on the collecting duct have

A

receptor cells for ADH and aldosterone

42
Q

which cells are responsible for a homeostatic role in blood pH

A
  • intercalated cells
43
Q

sequence through which stuff passes through in nephron

A

fenestration (pore) of glomerualr endothelial cells –> basal lamina –> slip membrane b/w pedicles / podocytes

44
Q

what is the innermost layer of the glomerulus that prevents filtration of blood cells and allows compotes of the blood plasma to pass through

A

fenestration pore

45
Q

basal lamina of glomerulus structure

A
  • bv and nerves

- middle layer

46
Q

function of the basal lamina of glomerulus

A
  • prevents larger proteins (glucose and amino acids) through
47
Q

which barrier of the glomerulus is the Bowmans capsules

A

membrane b/w pedicles / podocytes

48
Q

which barrier is responsible for preventing filtration of medium sized proteins

A

membrane b/w pedicles / responsible

49
Q

glomerulal filtration function

A
  • blood plasma and small substances get filleted
50
Q

tubular reabsorption structures involved

A

renal tuble (proximal and collecting duct)

51
Q

what is the glomerulus and the Bowmans capulsue responsible for

A

glomerulal filtration

52
Q

when do components enter the peritbular capillary

A

tubular reabsorption

53
Q

tubular secretion is

A

the secretion of material from the blood to Renal tubules

54
Q

what is secreted back into the renal tubule and collecting duct

A

H, K, ammonium ions, creatinine, penicillin

-

55
Q

significance of H being secreted

A

control pH

56
Q

ureter function

A

takes urnine from renal pelvis to bladder

57
Q

what structure in the bladder is the urethral openings

A

trigone

58
Q

what layer of the urinary bladder permits stretching

A

mucosa, has urothelium

59
Q

structures in the muscular layer of the bladder

A

sphincters

60
Q

internal urethra sphincter is the

A

involuntary control

61
Q

which sphincter has voluntary control

A

external urethra sphincter

62
Q

opening of the uretha is called

A

external urteheral oriface

63
Q

what does the urethra pass through in males

A

prostate, deep perineal and pens

64
Q

3 regions of the urethra

A
  • prostatic urethra
  • intermediate urethra
  • spongy urethra
65
Q

function of prostatic urethra

A
  • pass through prostate gland

- receive secretion containing sperm, sperm motility, vaibailty factors, and substances that neutralize the pH

66
Q

which is the shortest urethra and passes through the perineum

A

intermediat urethra

67
Q

spongy urethra function

A
  • passes through penis
  • longest
  • receives mucus and substances that neutralize
68
Q

what structure does semen pass through during ejaculation

A
  • prostatic urethra
  • intermediate urethra
  • spongy urethra
69
Q

function of renin

A

regulate BP and blood volume

70
Q

which hormone is response for maintain Ca2+ levels

A

calcitrol

71
Q

function of erthroprotein

A

regular blood cell production

72
Q

gluconogensis function

A

turn glutamine to glucose

73
Q

what hormones does the urinary system release

A
  • calitrol
  • erthoproteins
  • renin
74
Q

function of urinary system

A
  • regulation of blood pH, blood volume, BP, blood osmolarity, hormones, blood glucose level
  • exception of waster and foreign substances

anat (5 decks)

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