chpt 25: urinary sys Flashcards
main function of the uriniary system
- filter BLOOD to make urine
kidney location
- retroperitoneal region
- post abdominal region between T 12 and L3
which kidney is lower and why
L cuz liver pushes it down
which ribs partially protect the kidney
11 and 12
renal hilum meaning
area where ureters, bv, lymphatic vessels and nerves enters the kidney
what structure expands into the renal sinus
renal hilum
function renal sinus
contains part of renal pelvis, calyces, branches of renal bv and nerves
what is the innermost structure that shapes and acts as a barrier against trauma for the kidney
renla capsule
function of the adipose capsule of kidney
- cushion/ protect kidney from trauma
- holds kidney firmly within abdominal cavity
what kidney layer is the outermost and responsible for achoring kidney to abdominal wall
renal fasciae
renal cortex is the
outermost region of the kidney
what internal kidney structure contains nephrons
renal cortex
colour of renal cortex
- light red
nephrons function
filter blood
what structure of the kidney contains renal pyramids and renal columns
- renal medulla
what kidney structure is dark red- brown in colour
renal medulla
renal pyramids structure
base
apex/ narrow end/ renla papilla
what renal pyramid structure faces the renal cortex
basw
what does the apex. narrow end/ renal papilla of renal pyramid face
renal hilum
what is the name of the portion between the renal cortex and renla pyramids
renal coloums
movement of fluid through nephron
Bowmans capsule –> proximal convoluted tubule –> descending loop of Henle –> asscending loop –> distal convoluted tubule
what nephron structure drains into the collecting duct
distal convualoted tubule
movement of filtrate
collecting duct –> papillary ducts –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> Renal cavity –> ureter –> urninary bladder
when/ where does filtrate become urine and cannot be reabsorbed
minor calyx
blood flow to kidney
renal artery –> segmental artery –> interlobar artery –> arcuate arter –> afferent artery –> glomerulus –> efferent artery –> particular capillary –> vactus recta –> renal vein
where does filtration occur
- glomerulus
structures of a nephron
renal tubule
- renal corpuscles
structures in the renal corpuscle
- glomerulus
- glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule
what nephron structure is located in the renal cortex
renal corpuscle
glomerulus is the
network of capillaries
what structure surrounds the glomerulus
glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule
function of glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule
receive filtrate from capillaries
structure of glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule
visceral layer
parietal layer
what makes up the inner wall of the glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule
podocytes
function of podocytes
filtrate barrier
where does the filter fluid pass and is regulated
renal tubule
what structure takes filtrate from cortex to calyx
renal tubule
structure of the renal tubule
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of henle
- distal convoluted tubule
location of proximal and distal convulated tubule
renal cortex
what nephron structure is located in the renal medulla and the cortex
loop of henle
principle cells on the collecting duct have
receptor cells for ADH and aldosterone
which cells are responsible for a homeostatic role in blood pH
- intercalated cells
sequence through which stuff passes through in nephron
fenestration (pore) of glomerualr endothelial cells –> basal lamina –> slip membrane b/w pedicles / podocytes
what is the innermost layer of the glomerulus that prevents filtration of blood cells and allows compotes of the blood plasma to pass through
fenestration pore
basal lamina of glomerulus structure
- bv and nerves
- middle layer
function of the basal lamina of glomerulus
- prevents larger proteins (glucose and amino acids) through
which barrier of the glomerulus is the Bowmans capsules
membrane b/w pedicles / podocytes
which barrier is responsible for preventing filtration of medium sized proteins
membrane b/w pedicles / responsible
glomerulal filtration function
- blood plasma and small substances get filleted
tubular reabsorption structures involved
renal tuble (proximal and collecting duct)
what is the glomerulus and the Bowmans capulsue responsible for
glomerulal filtration
when do components enter the peritbular capillary
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion is
the secretion of material from the blood to Renal tubules
what is secreted back into the renal tubule and collecting duct
H, K, ammonium ions, creatinine, penicillin
-
significance of H being secreted
control pH
ureter function
takes urnine from renal pelvis to bladder
what structure in the bladder is the urethral openings
trigone
what layer of the urinary bladder permits stretching
mucosa, has urothelium
structures in the muscular layer of the bladder
sphincters
internal urethra sphincter is the
involuntary control
which sphincter has voluntary control
external urethra sphincter
opening of the uretha is called
external urteheral oriface
what does the urethra pass through in males
prostate, deep perineal and pens
3 regions of the urethra
- prostatic urethra
- intermediate urethra
- spongy urethra
function of prostatic urethra
- pass through prostate gland
- receive secretion containing sperm, sperm motility, vaibailty factors, and substances that neutralize the pH
which is the shortest urethra and passes through the perineum
intermediat urethra
spongy urethra function
- passes through penis
- longest
- receives mucus and substances that neutralize
what structure does semen pass through during ejaculation
- prostatic urethra
- intermediate urethra
- spongy urethra
function of renin
regulate BP and blood volume
which hormone is response for maintain Ca2+ levels
calcitrol
function of erthroprotein
regular blood cell production
gluconogensis function
turn glutamine to glucose
what hormones does the urinary system release
- calitrol
- erthoproteins
- renin
function of urinary system
- regulation of blood pH, blood volume, BP, blood osmolarity, hormones, blood glucose level
- exception of waster and foreign substances
