Chpt 7 The Breathing System

Question 1

What happens during breathing?

Answer 1

1) we breathe oxygen into out lungs
2) the oxygen passes from out lungs into the bloodstream
3) the blood carries the oxygen to the cells where its used in respiration
4) carbon dioxide and water are waste products of respiration
5) they pass from the cells into the bloodstream back to the lungs
6) at the lungs, carbon dioxide and water vapour move from the blood into the lungs and get breathed out

Question 2

What are the functions of the breathing system?

Answer 2

1) to take in oxygen for respiration
2) to remove carbon dioxide
3) te remove water vapor

Question 3

What is the larynx?

Answer 3

The voice box, responsible for making sounds

Question 4

What is the trachea?

Answer 4

The windpipe, it allows air to pass in and out of the lungs

Question 5

What is the function of the rings of cartilage?

Answer 5

To keep the air tubes open

Question 6

What is a bronchus?

Answer 6

A tube which carries air from the trachea to the lungs

Question 7

What is the lung?

Answer 7

A breathing organ

Question 8

What are bronchioles?

Answer 8

Thin tubes which carry air within the lungs

Question 9

What are the intercostal muscles?

Answer 9

They cause the rib cage to move up and down during breathing

Question 10

What are the alveoli?

Answer 10

They are tiny air sacs that make up our lungs. They are at the end of the bronchioles. They are covered by a network of tiny tubes that carry blood (blood vessels). The walls of the alveoli are very thin and this allows the gases to diffuse through quickly. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the alveoli.

Question 11

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 11

Its a sheet of muscle that moves up and down during breathing causing air to move in and out of the lungs

Question 12

Look at page 38 for diagram of

Answer 12

The breathing system

Question 13

Look at pg 39 for experiment on

Answer 13

Co2

Question 14

What is the percentage of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in inhaled air?

Answer 14

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Carbon dioxide - 0.03%

Question 15

What is the percentage of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in exhaled air?

Answer 15

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 16%
Carbon dioxide - 4%

Question 16

Look at page 40 for diagrams

Answer 16

On gaseous exchange

Question 17

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 17

It occurs when oxygen from the air is swapped with carbon dioxide from the body.

Question 18

What happens during gaseous exchange?

Answer 18

• oxygen in the air we inhale diffuses through the wall of the alveolus into the bloodstream
• carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs from the bloodstream and is exhales.

Question 19

What are the dangers of smoking?

Answer 19

• tar in tobacco irritates and damages lining of the bronchioles. This causes too much mucus leading to bronchitis
• nicotine is one of the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke and this damages the heart and blood vessels
• it prevents efficient gas exchange
• carbon monoxide replaces the oxygen in the blood -> not enough oxygen getting to cells -> breathing faster -> heart strain
• smoking during pregnancy causes stunted growth of baby
• lung cancer

Question 20

Look at page 41 for experiment on

Answer 20

Exercise and your heart rate