Chpt 7 The Breathing System Flashcards
What happens during breathing?
1) we breathe oxygen into out lungs
2) the oxygen passes from out lungs into the bloodstream
3) the blood carries the oxygen to the cells where its used in respiration
4) carbon dioxide and water are waste products of respiration
5) they pass from the cells into the bloodstream back to the lungs
6) at the lungs, carbon dioxide and water vapour move from the blood into the lungs and get breathed out
What are the functions of the breathing system?
1) to take in oxygen for respiration
2) to remove carbon dioxide
3) te remove water vapor
What is the larynx?
The voice box, responsible for making sounds
What is the trachea?
The windpipe, it allows air to pass in and out of the lungs
What is the function of the rings of cartilage?
To keep the air tubes open
What is a bronchus?
A tube which carries air from the trachea to the lungs
What is the lung?
A breathing organ
What are bronchioles?
Thin tubes which carry air within the lungs
What are the intercostal muscles?
They cause the rib cage to move up and down during breathing
What are the alveoli?
They are tiny air sacs that make up our lungs. They are at the end of the bronchioles. They are covered by a network of tiny tubes that carry blood (blood vessels). The walls of the alveoli are very thin and this allows the gases to diffuse through quickly. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the alveoli.
What is the diaphragm?
Its a sheet of muscle that moves up and down during breathing causing air to move in and out of the lungs
Look at page 38 for diagram of
The breathing system
Look at pg 39 for experiment on
Co2
What is the percentage of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in inhaled air?
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Carbon dioxide - 0.03%
What is the percentage of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in exhaled air?
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 16%
Carbon dioxide - 4%
Look at page 40 for diagrams
On gaseous exchange
What is gaseous exchange?
It occurs when oxygen from the air is swapped with carbon dioxide from the body.
What happens during gaseous exchange?
- oxygen in the air we inhale diffuses through the wall of the alveolus into the bloodstream
- carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs from the bloodstream and is exhales.
What are the dangers of smoking?
- tar in tobacco irritates and damages lining of the bronchioles. This causes too much mucus leading to bronchitis
- nicotine is one of the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke and this damages the heart and blood vessels
- it prevents efficient gas exchange
- carbon monoxide replaces the oxygen in the blood -> not enough oxygen getting to cells -> breathing faster -> heart strain
- smoking during pregnancy causes stunted growth of baby
- lung cancer
Look at page 41 for experiment on
Exercise and your heart rate
