Chpt 4 Food And Diet Flashcards
Can plants make their own food?
Yes
What is food needed for?
- energy
- material for growth
What are the 5 major food nutrients?
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- fats
- vitamins
- minerals
What does a balanced diet consist of?
He correct amount of each of the 5 major minerals and water
What are the functions of water?
- its an excellent solvent
- it allows substances to be transported
What are the different types of carbohydrates, their functions and their sources?
- sugar -> energy -> fruit, honey, milk, soft drinks
- starch -> energy -> potatoes, pasta, bread
- cellulose (fibre) -> helps prevent constipation ->green veg, cereals
What are the functions and sources of protein?
-growth and repair of cells, to make muscle and cells -> lean meat, egg white, soya, nuts and fish
What are the functions and sources of fats?
-store of energy and insulation -> butter, milk, cheese, oils
What are the functions and sources of the different minerals?
- vitamin C -> healthy skin and gums, lack of it causes scurvy -> citrus fruits (oranges, kiwis, lemons, limes)
- vitamin D -> build strong bones and teeth, lack of it causes rickets -> cheese, milk, yogurt
What are the different functions and sources of minerals?
- iron -> makes red blood cells, lack of it causes anaemia -> red meat, liver, cabbage
- calcium -> healthy bones and teeth -> milk, cheese, tinned salmon
What do you use to test for the presence of starch?
Iodine solution -> it turns blue black when starch is present and browny yellow when its not
What is used to test for glucose?
Benedict’s solution -> it turns brick red when glucose is present
What is used to test for protein?
Biuret solution/ copper sulfate solution -> it goes from blue to a purple/violet colour when protein is present
Look at page 19,20 and 21 for experiments
On food
What is energy measured in?
Kilo joules (J) per gram
What is the energy value for fats?
38kj/g
What is the energy value for carbohydrates?
17kj/g
What is the energy value for protein?
17kj/g
What is the energy value for vitamins?
Okj/g
Where do most foods have their energy value?
On the label, they are give in kj per 100 grams of the food.
What is the RDA for energy for boys and girls ages 12-15?
Girls: 9,600kj
Boys: 11, 700kj
Look at pg 22
For experiment
What are some things a balanced diet depends on?
- age
- sex
- physical activity
What is malnutrition?
When a person does not have a balanced diet.
Too much food = obesity
Too little food= anorexia
What is the on bottom level of the food pyramid and how much should you eat of it?
It is the fruit and veg group and you should have 5-7 servings a day
-e.g. Carrots, broccoli, tomatoes, apples, bananas, orange juice
What is the on second (from the bottom) level of the food group and how much should you eat of it?
Cereal and potato group and you should have 3-5 servings a day.
-e.g. Pasta, potatoes, brown bread
What is the on third (from the bottom) food group and how much should you eat of it?
Milk, yoghurt and cheese group and you should have 5 servings if you are 9-18 yrs old or otherwise 3
What is the on fourth (from the bottom) level and how much of it should you have?
Meat, poultry, eggs, fish and beans and you should have 2 servings a day
What is on the fifth (from the bottom) level and how much should you eat of it?
Fats, spreads and oils and you should have it in very small amounts
What is at the top of the pyramid and how often should you eat it?
Foods and drinks high in fat, sugar, and salt and you should have it maximum once or twice a week
